Employment as a Social Determinant of HIV Care and Prevention Outcomes

Conyers, Liza M.; Chiu, Jen Yung-Chen; Rueda, Sergio; Misrok, Mark; Lynn, Vickie; McKinney-Prupis, Erin

doi:10.5772/intechopen.98418

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(52 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering the role of employment as a social determinant of health, it is important to note that the majority of respondents, regardless of their phase of employment decision-making, reported a decrease in viral load, health risk behaviors, and drug/alcohol use since starting to work. This finding is consistent with other studies that have found support for the role that employment can play as a positive social determinant of health [ 2 , 39 ]. In a meta-analysis of research investigating the association between employment status and adherence to HIV medications, Nachega et al [ 40 ] suggest that employed individuals were 27% more likely than unemployed individuals living with HIV to adhere to antiretroviral medications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Measuring Phases of Employment Decision-Making and the Need for Vocational Services as a Social Determinant of the Health of Employed People Living with HIV

Boomer

Conyers

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: Secure employment has been recognized as a social determinant of health for people living with HIV (PLHIV), but limited research has been conducted to understand the employment needs and vocational decision-making process of those who are employed. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of the client-focused considering-work model to assess the employment outcomes and employment decision-making phases of a sample of employed PLHIV. (2) Methods: This study analyzed data of 244 employed PLHIV who completed National Working Positive Coalition’s Employment Needs Survey which included a 20-item Considering Work Scale-Employed version (CWS-Employed) and a single-item Classification of Employment Status Scale (CESS). Factor analysis was used to evaluate the CWS-Employed. Chi-square tests of homogeneity of proportions were conducted to assess the domain-specific needs of individuals in each phase of employment decision-making. (3) Results: Our findings revealed high rates of insecure employment and diverse vocational service needs among research participants. Additionally, the CWS-Employed accurately predicted 71% of the self-reported classification of phases of employment decision-making. (4) Conclusions: When investigating the role of employment as a social determinant of health, more research is needed to better understand the vocational needs and outcomes of PLHIV who are working. Improving the measurement of the phases of employment decision-making is needed to better identify appropriate vocational interventions that can lead to improved employment and related health outcomes for this population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Measuring Phases of Employment Decision-Making and the Need for Vocational Services as a Social Determinant of the Health of Employed People Living with HIV

Boomer

Conyers

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results obtained should help policymakers aiming to promote job-seeking strategies and policies on the working environment that are directed to people living with HIV, who still experience hardship compared with the general population. In some countries, certain vocational interventions and employment services, such as rehabilitation job centres [59] or micro-enterprise employment interventions [60], peer-employment models [61] or programmes consisting of integrated services that combine medical, employment, housing, and other psychosocial services [62], have improved health-related quality of life and reduced health-risk behaviours among people living with HIV [63][64][65]. In spite of those positive results, vocational rehabilitation programs for people living with HIV are commonly underfunded and in the early stages of development, exacerbating gaps in income supports for people living with HIV [63,66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The employment situation of people living with HIV: a closer look at the effects of the 2008 economic crisis

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to assess the determinants of employment probabilities among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) during a 15-year period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) in Spain, focusing on the possible effects of occurrences such as the 2008 economic crisis. The probability of people living with HIV having a job was evaluated by applying several multivariate probit regression models. Differences between the employment status of people living with HIV and that of the general population were evaluated by applying genetic matching regression models. With respect to the former evaluation, for people living with HIV, the period before the crisis (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) was associated with a probability of being employed that was 2.43 percentage points (p.p.) higher than during the crisis, and the period after the crisis (2014-2016) with a probability that was 7.58 p.p. lower than during the crisis. Greater effects were also observed among males, the probability of being in employment before the economic crisis being higher (by 2.26 p.p.) and lower after the crisis (− 3.41 p.p.) than among women, and among those infected through drug use (6.18 p.p. and − 7.34 p.p. before and after the crisis, respectively), than among those infected through sex. When analysing the differences with respect to the general population, people living with HIV reported lower probabilities of being employed: by − 18 p.p. before the crisis, by − 15 p.p. during the crisis (years 2008-2013) and by − 10 p.p. after the crisis, implying a convergence in the prospects of employment with the passage of the years. Those differences were greater for people of basic educational level (− 23 to − 16 p.p.), a weaker immune system (− 34 p.p. to − 21 p.p.) and those infected through the use of drugs (− 31 p.p. to − 26 p.p.). Although the results suggest that the economic crisis had a greater effect on the employment prospects of people living with HIV, and that effect is still felt by that group, our findings also point towards a convergence of their employment prospects with those of the general population, over the 15-year period assessed. An analysis of the employment situation of people living with HIV might have helped when designing job-seeking methods and policies on the working environment, especially through the 15-year period considered, when the economic crisis had a greater effect on the job market.

show abstract

“…For those who were unemployed at the beginning of the pandemic, becoming employed had a positive effect on their HRQOL. This underscores the impact of employment as a social determinant of health for PLHIV (Conyers et al, 2021). Research exploring the relationship between employment and qual-COVID-19, Employment, and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV Rehabilitation Counselors and Educators Journal ity of life of PLHIV indicates that transitions into employment help increase PLHIV's HRQOL due to greater financial independence and less social isolation.…”

Section: Employment and Health-related Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Employment, and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV

Chiu,

Boomer,

Conyers

et al. 2023

Rehabilitation Counselors and Educators Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial changes in the work conditions related to employment status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of many people. The pandemic also magnified systemic inequities among marginalized groups, including people with disabilities and chronic illnesses, and people living with HIV (PLHIV). The purpose of this study is to (a) understand PLHIV’s employment status, employment needs, and use of employment services during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (b) to examine the factors associated with HRQOL among both employed and unemployed PLHIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 as the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the U.S. We used both online surveys and structured phone interviews for data collection. A total of 759 responses were used in the current analysis. Study findings show that 65.5% of the employed participants experienced changes in work conditions (i.e., layoffs, reduced work hours, furloughs) and 73% of the unemployed participants reported that the pandemic had an impact on their interest and/or ability to enter employment. Our results show that concern about contracting COVID-19 at work or commuting to work, and employment status have significant relationships with HRQOL. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practice and research are discussed.

show abstract

Employment as a Social Determinant of HIV Care and Prevention Outcomes

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Measuring Phases of Employment Decision-Making and the Need for Vocational Services as a Social Determinant of the Health of Employed People Living with HIV

Measuring Phases of Employment Decision-Making and the Need for Vocational Services as a Social Determinant of the Health of Employed People Living with HIV

The employment situation of people living with HIV: a closer look at the effects of the 2008 economic crisis

COVID-19, Employment, and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About