Employment Diversification Patterns in Pakistan: Empirical Assessment Revisited

Abstract

Employment diversification depicts a dynamic socio-economic process where domestic workers widen the range of employment sources. Whereas, the prospect is usually based on a mix of Part-time and Full-time employment. Employment decisions significantly derive from the economic incentives such as wage differentials and the growth rates in different sub-sectors of economic activity. Research at hand summarizes and analyses Employment Diversification Patterns in Pakistan and the motives behind the labor shift. Time series data has been collected from various sources for 1990-2018. The Seemingly unrelated regression model has been applied for empirical estimations. The current analysis of employment pattern diversification concluded that part-time and full-time wages rates have a significant impact on the part and full-time employment in different sub-sectors of economic growth. Variation in wage rates in one sub-sector varies the employment level in different sectors. The estimates elaborated the significant rise in part-time employment these sub-sectors. Moreover, the dynamic interrelation between part-time and full-time employment is examined in the Agriculture, Construction, Electricity, Manufacturing, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Transport, Storage and Communication. These estimates show the quick adjustment of part-time employment within and across the sectors. Policies are needed to enhance labor mobility as one wants to diversify the employment one can do it to enhance the economic productivity.

Re-identifying the Rural/Urban: A case Study of Pakistan

“…The non-agriculture activities now constates a large share of employment in much of the so-called rural areas (Nasir et al, 2021). Activities classified as 'non-farm' or 'nonagricultural' incomes, mainly services, constitute at least 60% of total rural incomes, taking in consideration the definition used for rural areas according to the (GoP, 2017) report.…”

Advancing the Role of Population for Sustainable Economic Development: An Investigation of the National Perspectives

“…Its descriptive investigation signified opposite links of population growth with landholding, forest coverage, and HDI score. likewise, in Pakistan, Ahmadet al (2013), explored the impact of population growth on economic growth and originated that contributed of population growth has a positive and significant impact on economic expansion but is negatively exaggerated to unemployment in Pakistan (Shaheen at al., 2015;Nasir et al, 2021. More recently, Zhang (2015), investigated the association between population growth and economic development in Asian countries and finished that population growth affects economic development negatively in less developing countries such as China, India, and Indonesia.…”

Role of Educational attainment in Married Women’s Entry into and Escape from Labor Force in Pakistan

“…Recent decades showed that there has been a significant reduction in gender disparity in developed and developing countries; however, the remuneration of females is less than males for performing the same work. Employment in South Asia is extremely unbalanced insofar as females are concerned when we look at the educational indicators in the region (Nasir et al, 2021). The main emphasis of this research article paper is to access the contribution of education concerning female labor supply decisions, in addition, it further enhances the socio-economic wellbeing of the household and the entire economy (Klasen & Lamanna, 2009).…”