Employment Duration and Shifts into Retirement in the EU

Abstract

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Association between midlife health behaviours and transitions out of employment from midlife to early old age: Whitehall II cohort study

“…Economic modelling has shown that state interventions (e.g. changing eligibility for state pensions, increases to state retirement age [3, 39]) may not be sufficient if people withdraw from the labour market early on health grounds [40]. Public health messages may need to emphasise short and long term consequences of unhealthy behaviour, not just on health but on employment, income and retirement options.…”

Employment as a Key Rehabilitation Outcome

“…Long-term sickness absence is a major predictor for all types of exit from the labor market, including unemployment, disability pension (OECD 2010), and early retirement (Aranki and Macchiarelli 2013). The social exclusion process resulting from long-term or chronic illness is strongly mediated by access to paid work.…”

The Citizenship Engagement Quality Of Student In ASEAN: Will It Be Able To Realize Sustainable Economic Community Performance In The Future?

“…Through deeper exploration and empirical evidence, the result from Podsakoff (2000) was further tested and developed by Chi-Cheng (2011), who stated that OCB can be measured through dimensions such as: (1) helpfulness, (2) sportiveness, (3) loyalty (4) organizational obedience, (5) individual initiative, (6) citizenship, (7) self-development. Based on assessed evidences through seven dimensions, Baghersalimi (2012) found out that OCB influence on organizational effectiveness, as (1) contributing to team productivity, (2) helping team work and managerial productivity, (3) improving organizational resources efficiency, (4) decreasing employee maintenance fee, (5) improving team work coordination, (6) improving human resources loyalty, and 7improving organizational change adaptability.…”

“…Economic motive and political solidarity among the members of European Union have been scattered by each nation's interest. It threatens the unity of it, as Roman and Greece epic [2].…”