Employment implications of informal cancer caregiving

Moor, Janet S. de; Dowling, Emily C.; Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Guy, Gery P.; Rodriguez, Juan L.; Virgo, Katherine S.; Han, Xuesong; Kent, Erin E.; Li, Chunyu; Litzelman, Kristen; McNeel, Timothy S.; Liu, Benmei; Yabroff, K. Robin

doi:10.1007/s11764-016-0560-5

Cited by 77 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…In our study, patients treated with chemotherapy were more likely to adversely affect the employment status of their caregivers. This is consistent with several existing studies [22,35], which found that for FCGs whose patients were treated with chemotherapy, the probability of altered employment status was higher than those not treated with chemotherapy. Compared to other therapy methods, chemotherapy might be viewed as a catastrophe for both patients themselves and their families due to the long duration and recovery period, combined with more burdensome symptoms and poor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…FCGs of patients with limited ability to perform physical or mental tasks were also more likely to experience employment changes in our study. Although our ndings are inconsistent with that from Sherwood et al, who indicated that FCGs' employment condition was not in uenced by the patient's ability, our results are in agreement with other previous studies [22,38]. Loss of ability to perform tasks is important because it is an indicator of poor physical and mental health.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Employment Changes among Chinese Family Caregivers of Long-Term Cancer Survivors

Liu

Yao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Family caregivers (FCGs) play a key role in the plan of care provision for long-term cancer survivors, yet few studies have been conducted as for the corresponding influence on them. This study aimed to better understand the effect of such a role on the employment status of FCGs, and identify cancer-related characteristics that influence FCGs’ employment status in the post-treatment phase in China. Methods: We surveyed 1155 cancer survivors (>1 year since completing treatment) from the cross‐sectional study “China Survey of Experiences with Cancer”. Participants reported changes in employment status of their FCGs. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample of survivors and FCGs’ employment status. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between participant cancer characteristics and changes in FCGs’ employment status.Results: In the primary treatment phase, 45.6% of all FCGs reduced their working hours and 17.4% stopped working altogether. In the post-treatment phase, 25.2% of FCGs reduced working hours and 6.6% stopped working. A higher probability of change in employment status among FCGs was associated with the following cancer-related characteristics: late-stage diagnosis, chemotherapy treatment, comorbidity, and limited ability to perform physical and mental tasks.Conclusions: Cancer treatment and post-treatment demands may have a great number of impacts on the employment and economic productivity of Chinese FCGs. Interventions to assist them in maintaining employment are warranted across the whole survivorship trajectory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Employment Changes among Chinese Family Caregivers of Long-Term Cancer Survivors

Liu

Yao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This is comparable to de Moor's study, which found that 25% of cancer survivors' caregivers made extended employment changes and 12% of caregivers were not employed. 40 This burden often falls on family caregivers in rural areas because of their F I G U R E 4 After treatment, did cancer interfere with your ability to perform any physical tasks required by your job? A, Women; B, men (There are three work groups (stopped working, reduced work hours, and no change in work hours) by their ability to perform physical tasks.).…”

Section: F I G U R E 3 Changes In Work Hoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work and income changes after cancer in rural China: A cross‐sectional survey

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2019

Cancer Medicine

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Background The present study aimed to first describe the work‐related outcomes of cancer survivors and to then identify those characteristics that influenced the decision to stop working in rural China. Methods We assessed 752 cancer survivors (residents of rural areas, working at the time of diagnosis, >1 year since completing treatment) from the cross‐sectional study “China Survey of Experiences with Cancer”. Participants reported changes in employment status, income, and the ability to perform physical jobs due to cancer, as well as the work‐related outcomes of their informal caregivers. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, cancer characteristics, and changes in work (ie, continue to work vs not working). Results The participants were largely farmers (96%), women (56%), younger than 65 years old (69%), and diagnosed with colorectal (31%) and breast cancer (31%). Thirty‐nine percent reported reducing working hours, and 40% reported stopping work altogether. Approximately 7% of informal caregivers also stopped working in order to take care of those diagnosed with cancer. Thirty‐three percent of cancer survivors and 5% of their informal caregivers had no source of income following treatment. Controlling for other variables, lower educational attainment, physical limitations in work, and different cancer sites were significantly associated with ending employment in both men and women, while among men specifically, we observed that older age, being unmarried, and being diagnosed at later stages were significantly associated with an end to working. Conclusion Rural cancer survivors are at a high risk for stopping work after completing treatment, and many survivors and their caregivers experience poor work‐related outcomes and economic hardship. These results highlight the importance of paying attention to the work experiences of cancer survivors in rural China.

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“…The LIVESTRONG (LS) Foundation developed the Survey for People Affected by Cancer to ascertain how cancer has affected the lives of cancer survivors. To develop this survey, LS coordinated with the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Cancer Society, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to include elements of the Experiences with Cancer Survivorship supplement of the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey . More information about the survey can be found on the LS Foundation's website (https://www.livestrong.org/what-we-do/our-research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To develop this survey, LS coordinated with the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Cancer June 1, 2019 Cancer Society, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to include elements of the Experiences with Cancer Survivorship supplement of the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. 8 More information about the survey can be found on the LS Foundation's website (https://www.livestrong.org/what-we-do/our-research. Accessed January 16,2019) and related publications on the population of the original LS survey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasting effects of cancer and its treatment on employment and finances in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

Ketterl

Syrjala

Casillas

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background The impact of cancer and its treatment on employment and financial burden in adolescents/young adults (AYAs) is not fully known. Methods Eligibility for this cross‐sectional study of AYA cancer survivors included the diagnosis of a malignancy between ages 18 and 39 years and survey completion within 1 to 5 years from diagnosis and ≥1 year after therapy completion. Participants were selected randomly from the tumor registries of 7 participating sites and completed an online patient‐reported outcomes survey to assess employment and financial concerns. Treatment data were abstracted from medical records. Data were analyzed across diagnoses and by tumor site using logistic regression and Wald‐based 95% confidence intervals adjusting for age (categorized), sex, insurance status, education (categorized), and treatment exposures. Results Participants included 872 survivors (breast cancer, n = 241; thyroid cancer, n = 126; leukemia/lymphoma, n = 163; other malignancies, n = 342). Exposure to chemotherapy in breast cancer survivors was associated with an increase in self‐reported mental impairment in work tasks (odds ratio [OR], 2.66) and taking unpaid time off (OR, 2.62); survivors of “other” malignancies reported an increase in mental impairment of work tasks (OR, 3.67) and borrowing >$10,000 (OR, 3.43). Radiation exposure was associated with an increase of mental impairment in work tasks (OR, 2.05) in breast cancer survivors, taking extended paid time off work in thyroid cancer survivors (OR, 5.05), and physical impairment in work tasks in survivors of “other” malignancies (OR, 3.11). Finally, in survivors of “other” malignancies, having undergone surgery was associated with an increase in physical (OR, 3.11) and mental impairment (OR, 2.31) of work tasks. Conclusions Cancer treatment has a significant impact on AYA survivors’ physical and mental work capacity and time off from work.

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Employment implications of informal cancer caregiving

Cited by 77 publications

References 27 publications

Employment Changes among Chinese Family Caregivers of Long-Term Cancer Survivors

Employment Changes among Chinese Family Caregivers of Long-Term Cancer Survivors

Work and income changes after cancer in rural China: A cross‐sectional survey

Lasting effects of cancer and its treatment on employment and finances in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

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