Employment in India's informal sector: size, patterns, growth and determinants

Bairagya, Indrajit

doi:10.1080/13547860.2012.724548

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Lack or low levels of human capital are considered to be among the main reasons for women's low formal economic participation (Kantor ) and their engagement in higher numbers than men in IE (Bairagya ; Chen ; Darkwah ; Kantor ). Lack of human capital is seen to trap women in low‐threshold sectors in IE because of low requirements in terms of skills, investments and assets (Tipple ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Formalization for Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Contexts: A Review and Research Agenda

Xheneti

Madden

Karki

2017

Int J Management Reviews

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Formalization is constantly being proposed as being of great benefit to business expansion and success. This claim, however, has not been previously tested through a review of the empirical evidence, especially in relation to the large number of women in the developing world that operate in the informal economy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematize the current empirical evidence on gender, the informal economy and formalization, using a narrative synthesis of 76 papers. The papers were analysed along three main analytical themes -identity, institutions, and constraints and preferences -highlighting their conceptualization in studies of different academic disciplines -economics, sociology, entrepreneurship and development. The review calls for more accurate accounts of formalization decisions by widening the lens through which formalization decisions are conceptualized. These should take account of the rich contextual and temporal dimensions central to these decisions, and recognize that gender alone is not a sufficient factor in explaining women's choices in the informal economy. The review also highlights limitations in relation to the limited conceptual and empirical evidence on which development priorities such as formalization are set. The authors propose a research agenda centred on the need for conceptual frameworks that are more sensitive towards the multidimensional contexts of women's choices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Formalization for Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Contexts: A Review and Research Agenda

Xheneti

Madden

Karki

2017

Int J Management Reviews

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“…The workers who are mostly women from backward classes were, however, not even seem to come properly under the category of informal workforce (Bairagya, 2012) in various work areas such as agriculture, industries and services. They work as a manual labourers and are self-employed in the household jobs or outside as scavengers leading to the unstructured outcomes such as inequality in the wage, insecurity and casteism.…”

Section: Macro-level Human Resource Aspects: Informal Workforce and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These workforces are unrecognized and neglected in the human resource domain and they form one of the large working group in India and other countries where both internal and cross-country migrations are rampant. Bairagya (2012) stated that the levels of education, gender and location may lead to the participation in the informal sector. Though this may be incomplete and debatable as domestic workers and non-domestic scavenging workers are very less educated or they have no education and sometimes in their locality they are deprived of the informal jobs.…”

Section: Macro-level Human Resource Aspects: Informal Workforce and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceal or Not? Management of Dehumanized Work Identity among Lower Caste Domestic Workers and Non-domestic Scavenging Workers

Sinha

Kumar

2018

South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management

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The current study explored a social identity approach to understand the role of caste identity in the domestic labour market in India. Domestic and other non-domestic scavenging workers form an important human resource of the informal job market system. Earlier research in the context of these workers in India did not link with the critical social psychological viewpoints leading to macro-level interpretations only. Domestic work in India in itself is a low-status job having many psychological repercussions such as stigmatization and dehumanization. The focused group discussion is done with a group of domestic workers and non-domestic scavenging workers who are from lower caste background in order to understand the management of their dehumanized identity.

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“…Due to low literacy and lack of specialized skills, most migrants invariably find work in the informal sector, either as wage earners or on a self-employed basis. In fact, according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) Department of Statistics, India contains the highest percentage of non-agricultural informal employment when compared to other countries in South and Southeast Asia (Bairagya, 2012, 2015). Hence, it is rightly noted that in most Indian cities the urban poor survive by working in the informal sector (Bhowmik, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earnings and Investment Differentials Between Migrants and Natives: A Study of Female Street Vendors in Bengaluru City

Kambara

Bairagya

2021

Environment and Urbanization ASIA

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This article explores whether there exists any difference in the earnings of self-employed migrant and native street vendors in a metro city, and if so, in what ways this difference is prominent. In order to accomplish the objective, we have collected data from women street vendors from Bengaluru city. The results depict that although there is no significant difference in the earnings between native and migrant street vendors, a significant difference exists in the size of investments made by them, that is, to earn the same amount of income, migrants need to invest more than natives. Moreover, the results, based on the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method, indicate that the pre-labour market endowment factors do not make a significant contribution to the overall difference in the rate of returns. The difference, instead, mainly exists because of the coefficient differences, which can be attributed to discrimination.

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Employment in India's informal sector: size, patterns, growth and determinants

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Value of Formalization for Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Contexts: A Review and Research Agenda

Value of Formalization for Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Contexts: A Review and Research Agenda

Conceal or Not? Management of Dehumanized Work Identity among Lower Caste Domestic Workers and Non-domestic Scavenging Workers

Earnings and Investment Differentials Between Migrants and Natives: A Study of Female Street Vendors in Bengaluru City

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