Employment in the Life Sciences: A Mixed Outlook

Earnings of Academic Scientists and Engineers: Intersectionality of Gender and Race/Ethnicity Effects

“…As an effort to continuing to document gender earnings gap as well as examining the intersectionality of gender and race/ethnicity, this study updates literature with more recent data and provides insight regarding how gender and race/ethnicity affect earnings of academic scientists and engineers and how these effects change over time. Literature shows evidence of gender inequity and earnings differentials between comparable men and women in STEM (Babco & Jesse, 2005; Bentley & Adamson, 2003; Graham & Smith, 2005; Taylor, 2007; Travis et al, 2009; Webber & Canche, 2015). Similarly, using data from the SDR, I find that although demographic, educational and employment-related, and productivity characteristics are controlled for, women earned 4% to 5% less than their male counterparts in the full sample from 2006 to 2013.…”

“…Additionally, women are less likely to work full-time in science and engineering and more likely to work outside science, which further limits their representation and success in STEM (Long, 2001). Within academic STEM fields, women lag behind men among the higher ranked faculty—women are less likely than men to be tenured and have half the likelihood of attaining full professorships—while making up a larger portion of the nontenured faculty (Babco & Jesse, 2005; Ceci, Ginther, Kahn, & Williams, 2014; Hill et al, 2010; Xu, 2008). However, some reports reveal that women STEM faculty are not necessarily disadvantaged at several critical transition points in their careers (Ceci et al, 2014; National Research Council [NRC], 2010).…”

“…Other disadvantages women academic scientists experience include higher rates of turnover and attrition and greater likelihood of perceiving poor or very poor chances for promotion (Babco & Jesse, 2005; Hill et al, 2010). This desire for a change may suggest women’s dissatisfaction with the academic and/or institutional environment, their career status (e.g., rank), publication, research support, and future advancement opportunities (Xu, 2008).…”

Redesigning Science: Recent Scholarship on Cultural Change, Gender, and Diversity

“…Women consistently reported lower salaries and lower levels of satisfaction than their male colleagues, and women in academia were less likely to be tenured or on the tenure track. Although respondents from both sexes responded positively to their work, indicating that it was intellectually challenging and provided a desirable level of autonomy in decisionmaking, women reported fewer opportunities for promotion and indicated more often than men that they would not recommend their career path to younger students (Babco and Jesse 2005).…”

Animal research practices and doctoral student identity development in a scientific community

“…Such arguments position the doctoral degree as a research degree, and highlight the importance of a graduate curriculum that prioritizes training for rigorous research. After the completion of the degree, graduates typically go on to assume professional roles in academia, industry or government that capitalize on such training (Babco and Jesse 2005;Enders 2005;Huisman, de Weert, and Bartelse 2002). In this article, I examine the influence of research practices on doctoral student identity development.…”