Employment of Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Detecting Lard Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil

Abstract

Lard (LD) has been commonly used as an adulterant in fats and oils. The similar physical characteristic of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to LD makes LD a desirable adulterant in VCO. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provides unique thermal profiling for each oil and can be used to detect LD adulteration in VCO. In the heating thermogram of the mixture, there was one major endothermic peak (peak A) with a smaller shoulder peak embedded in the major peak that gradually smoothed out to the major peak as the LD% increased. In the cooling thermogram, there were one minor peak (peak B) and two major exothermic peaks, peak C which increased as LD% increased and peak D which decreased in size as the LD% increased. From Stepwise Multiple Linear regression (SMLR) analysis, two independent variables were found to be able to predict LD% adulteration in VCO with R 2 (adjusted) of 95.82. The SMLR equation of LD% adulteration in VCO is 293.1 -11.36 (T e A) -2.17 (T r D); where T e A is the endset of peak A and T r D is the range of thermal transition for peak D. These parameters can serve as a good measurement index in detecting LD adulteration in VCO.

Nutritional, physicochemical, antimicrobial and DPPH free radical scavenging potential of the biotech and conventional hybrids of seeds and seed oils from Gossypium hirsutum L.

“…Specific gravity and density of conventional seed oil were less than the BT variety seed oils confirming that specific gravity less than 1 (one) means the substance will float on water [19]. The value 0.981 specific gravity is also closer to specific gravity of groundnut and neem seed oil [18]. [19].…”

Parametric Study in Production of Virgin Coconut Oil by Fermentation Method

“…The acquired oil was prepared in duplicate and kept refrigerated until further use. This procedure was modified from the method of Prapun et al, 4 and Mansor et al, 10 .…”

“…The determination of oil recovery was calculated according to the initial oil content in the coconut milk to the oil extracted 10 . The official AOAC Soxhlet method 23 and Gerber method using Gerber butyrometer 24 were applied to ascertain the oil content in the coconut milk.…”

“…Monolaurin is antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Moreover, it is used as anti obesity treatment 10,11,12 .…”

“…Fermentation process has more beneficial and safety effect rather than other wet process methods 14,15 . Coconut milk fermentation process using minimal energy produces VCO with low rancidity, longer shelf life, bright color and the aromatic is typical of coconut oil 2,10 .…”