Employment of modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles using thermo‐sensitive polymer for extraction and pre‐concentration of cefexime in biological samples

Abstract

Cefexime is a useful antibiotic that can be prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Nanoparticles have been widely marketed as a universal solution among scientists. Many studies have been performed to modify nanoparticles to make them functional as extraction and pre-concentration agents and drug carriers. Temperature-sensitive polymers belong to a group of substances that undergo a major change in their physical features in response to temperature. Recently developed polymers can be used in many different areas, including modification of nanoparticles. In order to modify this nanoparticle, grafting copolymerization of Fe O nanoparticles was performed using poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) and 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol. The optimum conditions for pre-concentration of cefexime were studied. Under these optimum conditions, extraction recovery of biological samples in the range of 71-89% was obtained. The limit of detection and precision of proposed method were 4.5 × 10 μg mL and <4.11% (relative standard deviation), respectively. Based on the results from analysis of cefexime, in biological samples using the proposed method, the ability of this method to extract and pre-concentrate cefexime was confirmed. Also, satisfactory results from an in vitro study on drug release in simulated intestine media were obtained.

Synthesis of chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles using co-precipitation method for copper(II) ions removal in aqueous solution

“…Figure 5(a) also shows the FTIR spectrum of bare Fe 3 O 4 NPs. Three notable bands this spectrum included a broad band at 3327.01 cm −1 characterized by an OH-stretching vibrational mode, a band at 1637.37 cm −1 which is related to the stretching mode of O–H and the one at 543.24 cm −1 indicating the Fe–O stretching vibration (Naghibi et al , 2017). The Figure 5(b) and 5(c) are the FTIR spectra images of chitosan-coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (MCS-20 and MCS-25).…”

Innovative Solid-Phase Extraction Strategies for Improving the Advanced Chromatographic Determination of Drugs in Challenging Biological Samples

“…Naghibi et al developed a modified Fe 3 O 4 adsorbent employing a thermo-sensitive polymer for the purpose of extracting and quantifying cefexime in biological samples [82]. In the present inquiry, the process of the co-polymer grafting of PNVCL and 3-allyloxy-1,2propanediol as a thermo-sensitive agent was executed on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 NPs.…”

“…The adsorbent demonstrated a reasonable rate of extraction recovery for cefexime from both plasma and urine samples, ranging from 71 to 89%. Moreover, the authors observed that the proportion of cumulative cefexime release at 37 • C was considerably greater compared to what occurred at 25 • C. They linked their findings to the deformation of the PNVCL chain on the surface of the adsorbent particles, which changes from a sharp coil to a globule shape when temperature exceeds the LCST limit [82].…”