Empowering managers: Enhancing the performance of protected area tourism managers in the twenty-first century

Where did all the visitor research go? A systematic review of application areas in national parks

“…Managers can motivate to acquire new research that assists them in managing visitor use and impacts more effectively. In doing so, they are better positioned to handle the sometimes opposing demands of its biodiversity and visitor experience mandates (McCool & Khumalo, 2015).…”

Advancing visitor research uptake in policy and practice: a structural equation model

“…In general, tourism organisations are not wellequipped to acquire knowledge from academia, lacking awareness and understanding of the different ways academia could assist (Olszewski & Bednarska, 2016). It is questionable whether PA agencies possess the right skills to manage the dual demands of PAs biodiversity and tourism experience mandates (McCool & Khumalo, 2015).…”

“…Visitor management, a challenging and 'wicked' problem (Manning et al, 2017;McCool & Stankey, 2003), requires effective collaboration between researchers and management (McCool, 2012). However, many of the decision-makers in PAs come from a background of environmental management (Blahna et al, 2020), and as such, find the dual demands of biodiversity and tourism experience mandates challenging (McCool & Khumalo, 2015;Newsome et al, 2013;Weaver & Lawton, 2017). An apparent decline in PAs' internal research capacity poses an additional threat to evidence-based decision-making (Roux et al, 2019).…”