Empreendedorismo feminino e os desafios enfrentados pelas empreendedoras para conciliar os conflitos trabalho e família: estudo de casos múltiplos em agências de viagens

Abstract

Resumo:As mulheres vêm conquistando cada vez mais espaço em diversas áreas profissionais e essa evolução também ocorre no campo do empreendedorismo. No Brasil o GEM 2013 identificou que, pela primeira vez, o número de novos empreendedoras foi superior ao de empreendedores. No entanto, é reconhecido que as empreendedoras enfrentam muitas dificuldades ao tentar conciliar as suas empresas com a família. O objetivo central dessa pesquisa é analisar os desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres empreendedoras de agências de viagens para conciliar os conflitos entre o trabalho e a família. Esse estudo adotou a estratégia de pesquisa de casos múltiplos e foram selecionadas sete mulheres criadoras e gestoras de agências de viagens nos municípios de Aracaju e Barra dos Coqueiros, no estado de Sergipe. Na tentativa de conciliar bem os múltiplos papéis, essas mulheres muitas vezes se deparam com a frustração e sentimento de culpa. Nesse momento é evidenciado a importância do aporte emocional do marido e filhos. É percebido que a busca pelo ponto de equilíbrio entre as demandas conflitantes geram desgaste emocional e/ou físico. Palavras

Estratégias de atenuação do conflito trabalho-família utilizadas por empreendedoras

“…In general, the participants' profile is similar to the group of female entrepreneurs studied in the research by Gouvêa, Machado, and Silveira (2013), particularly regarding marital status, the presence of children, and importance in the household income. The high level of education was a characteristic also observed in the studies by Machado, Barros, and Palhano (2003), Teixeira and Bomfim (2016), and Vale and Serafim (2010). Table 3 shows the participants' businesses.…”

“…Once overcoming the initial barriers to credit and access to information, women face difficulties with a clear gender bias: matching the growing demands of a new venture with family demands, which are generally not shared with men (Madalozzo & Blofield, 2017;Sevä & Öun, 2015). Teixeira and Bomfim (2016) and the study by RME (2019) confirm this fact. In both works, the greatest challenge of female entrepreneurs is the work-family balance.…”

“…Among them, are the personal financial need, professional independence, the difficulty to break through the 'glass ceiling,' the possibility of working from home, dissatisfaction with the previous job, the search for greater autonomy and flexible jobs (Demartino, Barbato, & Jacques, 2006;Jonathan & Silva, 2007;Lindo et al, 2007;Possatti & Dias, 2002). For Teixeira and Bomfim (2016), other motivations are the perception of an opportunity, necessity, personal fulfillment, difficulty in career advancement, and the possibility of reconciling work and family. It is also noteworthy that women belonging to families of entrepreneurs are influenced to choose self-employment as a family tradition (Bruni, Gherardi & Poggio, 2004;Vale & Serafim, 2010).…”

“…In an attempt to mitigate some of these conflicts and have a better quality of life at work, women have been using alternative strategies to formal employment, among which entrepreneurship stands out. Entrepreneurship became a career option that can facilitate a better work-family balance due to the characteristics of the work, such as autonomy and schedule flexibility, even if working more hours (Quental & Wetzel, 2002;Sevä & Öun, 2015;Teixeira & Bomfim, 2016). In this sense, Bianchim (2019) and Fiksenbaum (2014) show that flexibility is the most helpful policy for overcoming work-family conflict.…”

“…This work seeks to validate and expand Tanure's (2014) findings in her literature study, searching publications on the Google Scholar database using the term "conflito trabalho família E empreendedorismo feminino" (work-family conflict AND female entrepreneurship), without a delimited period. After due exclusions, the search identified eight studies, which were used to guide this work: Quental and Wetzel (2002), Silva (2006), Lindo et al (2007), Jonathan and Silva (2007), Strobino and Teixeira (2014), Tanure (2014), Teixeira and Bomfim (2016), and Bandeira, Cabral, Santos, Ipiranga and Paiva (2017).…”