Emulsification of Bio-Oil Heavy Fraction with Diesel by Mechanical and Ultrasonic Technologies

Guo, Zuo Gang; Wang, Shu Rong; Wang, Xiang Yu

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.1133

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, they found that the optimum hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, an important parameter for choosing an emulsifier, is directly proportional to the atomic O/C or H/C ratio, water content and inversely proportional to the high heating value of bio-oil. Other studies on the production of emulsions of bio-oil with diesel can be found elsewhere 252,253,256,[272][273][274][275] .…”

Section: Biofuels Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-oil Refining: A Review

et al. 2019

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Bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials is among the most complex and inexpensive raw oils that can be produced today. Although commercial or demonstration scale fast pyrolysis units can readily produce this oil, this industry has not grown to significant commercial impact due to the lack of bio-oil market pull. This paper is a review of the challenges and opportunities for bio-oil upgrading and refining. Pyrolysis oil consists of six major fractions. (water 15-30 wt.%, light oxygenates, 8-26 wt. %, mono-phenols, 2-7 wt.%, water insoluble oligomers derived from lignin 15-25wt.%, and water soluble havey molecules 10-30 wt.%). The composition of water soluble oligomers is relatively poorly studied. In the 1880s bio-oil refining (formally known as wood distillation) targeted the separation and commercialization of C1-C4 light oxygenated compounds to produce methanol, acetic acid and acetone with the commercialization of the lignin derived water insoluble fraction for preserving purification techniques. Strategies for biofuels production are discussed in section four. Bio-oil derived products are discussed in the last section. 2. Bio-oil Composition The study of bio-oil chemical composition has been the subject of active research in the last twenty years 2,24-35. Pyrolysis oil contains numerous oxygenated compounds, which include carboxylic acids, water, alcohols, esthers, anhydrosugars, furanics, phenolics, aldehydes, and ketones covering a wide range of molecular weights and functionalities 2,24,29,30,36-41. The specific composition is directly related to the feedstock and the conditions used in their production 42-44. Water is typically quantified by Karl Fischer titration 2 and is the most abundant bio-oil compound accounting between 15 and 30 wt. % 2 (See Figure 1). Water forms mostly from dehydration reactions of carbohydrate depolymerized products in the liquid intermediate 44. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) is by far the most common technique for the quantification of the pyrolysis oil organic volatile fraction 2,24,27,45. GC/MS detectable compounds typically account for between 30 and 40 wt. % 2. Table 2 shows the range of compounds quantified by GC/MS reported in the literature. Only four molecules (glycoaldehyde, acetic acid, acetol and levoglucosan) are found in quantities sufficiently high (>5 wt. %) to justify their separation and commercialization as chemicals. Methanol can also be produced in quantities justifying its commercialization but hardwood has to be used as feedstock. The remainder of the oil if refined is likely to be commercialized as fractions (mono-phenols, pyrolytic lignin, anhydrosugars, pyrolytic humins, and hybrid oligomers). Because bio-oil consists of hundreds of compounds with concentrations below 0.5 wt. % it is desirable to express their chemical composition in terms of few chemical groups or families 24. This idea was first proposed by Hallet and Clark 46. The authors 46 modeled bio-oil evaporation rates using a model based on this characte...

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Section: Biofuels Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies on the production of emulsions of bio-oil with diesel can be found elsewhere. 251,252,254,255,273,274 7.2. Mixtures of Bio-oils with Other Fuels.…”

Section: Strategies For Purification and Separation Of Targeted Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-oil Refining: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…A surfactant added to NHO affects the separating effect between molybdenite and other sulfide minerals, resulting in excess impurities in the molybdenum concentrate. Several reports [22][23][24] found that ultrasonic treatment was also a successful method for improving the dispersibility of NHO in water. Ultrasonic treatment was found to produce small oil droplets and ensure homogenous distribution of oil droplets in water.…”

Section: Of 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Improving Low-Temperature Flotation Performance of Nonpolar Oil in the Molybdenite Flotation

Wan

Qü

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Nonpolar hydrocarbon oil (NHO) is one of the most extensively used collectors in the flotation of molybdenite due to its excellent selectivity. However, NHO has low sensibility at pulp temperature. At low temperatures (<283 K), although more kerosene is used, the recovery of molybdenite flotation is still lower than at room temperature. In this study, magnetizing treatment, which is an efficient, low-cost, innovative, and environmentally friendly emulsification method, was used to improve the flotation performance of NHO in low-temperature molybdenite flotation. The test results showed that, compared with unmagnetized kerosene (UMK), the optimum dosage of magnetized kerosene (MK) could be reduced by 11% at 298 K. At the same dosage of kerosene, the flotation recovery of MK was 3% higher than UMK at 278 K. The surface tension measurement results showed that the surface tension of MK rose periodically as the magnetic field intensity increased, and there was a maximum surface tension within each period. Further, the magnetic field intensity had the maximum flotation recovery of molybdenite at the maximum surface tension of MK. Combined with the analysis based on the Girifalco–Good theory and the static drop volume method of interfacial tension, the interfacial tension of kerosene–water was shown to decrease with the increase of the surface tension of kerosene. This finding indicates that the dispersibility of kerosene in pulp could be improved by reducing the size of oil droplets, thereby improving the molybdenite flotation recovery of kerosene at low-temperature pulp. It is helpful to improve the flotation recovery of molybdenite using NHO as a collector for low-temperature pulp (<283 K).

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