Emulsification of heavy crude oil in water for pipeline transportation

Ashrafizadeh, Seyed Nezameddin; Kamran, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2010.02.005

Cited by 148 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a result, dynamic shear viscosity increase is detected (Ahmed et al, 1999). Ashrafizadeh and Kamran (2010) have also observed that increase in salt concentration leads to increased viscosity and stability of crude oil emulsion ( Figure 13). …”

Section: Effect Of Salinitymentioning

confidence: 81%

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Development of Bio-Oil Emulsion to Allow Realistic Testing of Oil Spill Control Equipment

et al. 2015

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Accidental release of oil to the sea poses may have dire ecological consequences and serious economic ramifications, as recent events have shown. Spill control equipment as: booms, skimmers and oil trawls may protect sensitive areas and remove floating oil. This is subject to continuous technological development and innovation.To support such development there is a pressing need to test new equipment under realistic conditions; in other words by release of oil to find out if can be successfully removed.Intentional release of crude oil to the sea will usually be taboo. If the crude is replaced by edible oil, reasons for restrictions are far less.Subjected to wavy sea, most crudes will develop stable non-Newtonian emulsions of considerable stiffness. Using soybean oil and an emulsifier, stable bio-emulsion with similar density and rheological properties were developed. Microscopic image analyzes showed that the emulsions consisted of water droplets in the typical range 5-20 microns, surrounded by a thin oil film. The droplet approximately followed the lognormal distribution. The water content could be up to 70%, yet the emulsions were oil-continuous and very stable.Obviously, the potential benefits of using such emulsions for equipment development and verification are high and the environmental impact is probably small and possibly beneficial.So permission for limited tests at sea in August has been given by Norwegian authorities and was performed in north of the Vesterålen islands in September 2014. V VI PrefaceThe experimental procedure together with the results and conclusion of it is published and presented

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Section: Effect Of Salinitymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The stability of crude oil emulsiоns was also increased by increasing the salt сconcentration (Ashrafizadeh and Kamran, 2010).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Crude Oil Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Bio-Oil Emulsion to Allow Realistic Testing of Oil Spill Control Equipment

et al. 2015

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“…However, due to the large pressure gradient which might occur at the phase inversion, it is important to operate well below the phase inversion point. Therefore, transportation of oil and water in pipes should be far from the phase inversion point (Ashrafizadeh and Kamran 2010;Hasan et al 2010;Abdurahman et al 2012). …”

Section: Emulsion and Phase Inversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subject of heavy crude oil transportation using the emulsification technique has recently attracted researchers to investigate the effect of various parameters such as surfactant concentration, speed and mixing rate, brine pH, and oil content (Ashrafizadeh and Kamran 2010;Hasan et al 2010;Abdurahman et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of the effects of various parameters on viscosity reduction of heavy crude by oil–water emulsion

Al-Wahaibi

Al-Hashmi

et al. 2015

Pet. Sci.

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The effects of water content, shear rate, temperature, and solid particle concentration on viscosity reduction (VR) caused by forming stable emulsions were investigated using Omani heavy crude oil. The viscosity of the crude oil was initially measured with respect to shear rates at different temperatures from 20 to 70°C. The crude oil exhibited a shear thinning behavior at all the temperatures. The strongest shear thinning was observed at 20°C. A non-ionic water soluble surfactant (Triton X-100) was used to form and stabilize crude oil emulsions. The emulsification process has significantly reduced the crude oil viscosity. The degree of VR was found to increase with an increase in water content and reach its maximum value at 50 % water content. The phase inversion from oil-in-water emulsion to water-inoil emulsion occurred at 30 % water content. The results indicated that the VR was inversely proportional to temperature and concentration of silica nanoparticles. For water-in-oil emulsions, VR increased with shear rate and eventually reached a plateau at a shear rate of around 350 s -1 . This was attributed to the thinning behavior of the continuous phase. The VR of oil-in-water emulsions remained almost constant as the shear rate increased due to the Newtonian behavior of water, the continuous phase.

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Petroleum Industry Applications

2014

Emulsions, Foams, Suspensions, and Aerosols

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Emulsification of heavy crude oil in water for pipeline transportation

Cited by 148 publications

References 12 publications

Development of Bio-Oil Emulsion to Allow Realistic Testing of Oil Spill Control Equipment

Development of Bio-Oil Emulsion to Allow Realistic Testing of Oil Spill Control Equipment

Experimental investigation of the effects of various parameters on viscosity reduction of heavy crude by oil–water emulsion

Petroleum Industry Applications

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