“…Meanwhile, in the process of oil production, efficient oil–water separation helps to improve the purity and quality of oil . Traditional oil–water separation methods mainly rely on differences in the physical properties of oil and water (density and solubility), such as centrifugal separation, gravity separation, filtration, adsorption, flotation, thermal separation, and electrical separation . However, for the separation of emulsions, these traditional oil–water separation methods, which are mainly based on density differences, are no longer effective because the oil droplets are fine and stabilized in the water by the emulsifier. , In addition, in the actual separation process, not all oil has a lower density than water, and some oil has a higher density than water, which leads to the limited effectiveness of gravity-dominated separation methods.…”