Emulsion grafting of vinyl acetate onto preirradiated poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) film

Wada, Yasuhiro; Tamada, Masao; Seko, Noriaki; Mitomo, Hiroshi

doi:10.1002/app.27219

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…From the perspective of green sustainable chemistry, an organic solvent-free method is desirable. Wada et al 23 found that the water-based, emulsion graft polymerisation of vinyl acetate onto poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) film enhanced the degree of grafting by ca. 100 times higher than when an organic diluent, such as methanol, was used.…”

Section: Radiation-grafted (Rg) Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimised synthesis of high performance radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes

et al. 2017

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High performance benzyltrimethylammonium-type alkaline anion-exchange membranes (AEM), for application in electrochemical devices such as anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), were prepared by the radiation grafting (RG) of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto 25 μm thick poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films followed by amination with trimethylamine. Reductions in electron-beam absorbed dose and amount of expensive, potentially hazardous VBC were achieved by using water as a diluent (reduced to 30 – 40 kGy absorbed dose and 5%vol VBC) instead of the prior-art method that used organic propan-2-ol diluent (required 70 kGy dose and 20%vol VBC monomer). Furthermore, the water from the aqueous grafting mixture was easily separated from residual monomer (after cooling) and was reused for a further grafting reaction: the resulting AEM exhibited an ion-exchange capacity of 2.1 mmol g-1 (cf. 2.1 mmol g-1 for the AEM made using fresh grafting mixture). The lower irradiation doses resulted in mechanically stronger RG-AEMs compared to the reference RG-AEM synthesised using the prior-art method. A further positive off-shoot of the optimisation process was the discovery that using water as a diluent resulted in an enhanced (i.e. more uniform) distribution of VBC grafts as proven by Raman microscopy and corroborated using EDX analysis: this led to enhancement in the Cl- anion-conductivities (up to 68 mS cm-1 at 80°C for the optimised fully hydrated RG-AEMs vs. 48 mS cm-1 for the prior-art RG-AEM reference). A down-selected RG-AEM of ion-exchange capacity = 2.0 mmol g-1, that was synthesised using the new greener protocol with 30 kGy electron-beam absorbed dose, led to an exceptional beginning-of-life H2/O2 AEMFC peak power density of 1.16 W cm−2 at 60°C in a benchmark test using industrial standard Pt-based electrocatalysts and unpressurised gas supplies: this was higher than the 0.91 W cm-1 obtained with the reference RG-AEM (IEC = 1.8 mmol g-1) synthesised using the prior-art protocol

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Section: Radiation-grafted (Rg) Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimised synthesis of high performance radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes

et al. 2017

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“…Smaller micelles can cover a wider surface area of the trunk polymer leading to an enhanced grafting efficiency [5]. Furthermore, smaller micelles usually diffuse better throughout the solution allowing them greater access to the site of graft propagation [4,5,16]. Based on these results, the surfactant concentration was fixed to 1% in further experiments as it exhibited the highest DG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general mechanism is illustrated in Figure 1 [3]. The key advantage here is that graft reactivity is usually higher in water due to its radiolytic products, which participate in the initiation phase [4]. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), a widely used monomer in RIGP, is only soluble in water at concentrations less than 2%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAFT-Mediated Radiation Grafting on Natural Fibers in Aqueous Emulsion

Barba

Penaloza

Seko

et al. 2021

The 2nd International Online Conference on Polymer Science—Polymers and Nanotechnology for Industry 4.0

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Using aqueous emulsion as the medium in radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) offers an environment-friendly shift from organic solvents while increasing polymerization efficiency through known water radiolysis-based graft initiation. In the present paper, we further extend the applicability of RIGP in emulsion under the influence of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mechanisms. Emulsions prepared with Tween 20 showed good colloidal stability for several hours. Subjecting it to simultaneous irradiation with abaca fibers resulted in successful grafting, supported by gravimetric, IR, SEM, and TG analysis. A correlation was drawn between smaller monomer micelles and the enhancement of grafting driven by diffusion and surface area coverage. RAFT mechanisms were also conserved based on molecular weight evolution. RAFT-mediated RIGP in aqueous emulsion shows good potential as a versatile and green surface modification technique for natural fibers for various functional applications.

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“…Regarding the grafting technique, it has been reported that emulsion grafting proceeded the graft polymerization effectively, and in the case of the vinyl acetate monomer, the value of degree of grafting (Dg [%]) of emulsion grafting enhanced 100 times higher compared with using an organic solvent such as methanol. 26,27 It has been found that polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) is a suitable surfactant for the stabilization of GMA micelle in water. 28 For these reasons, we adopted GMA emulsion grafting in this study.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Fibrous Grafted Metal Adsorbent Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fibrous Metal Adsorbent with a Piperazinyl-Dithiocarbamate Group by Radiation-Induced Grafting and Its Performance

Ueki

Seko

2020

ACS Omega

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A fibrous grafted metal adsorbent with a piperazinyl-dithiocarbamate (PZ-DTC) group was synthesized by radiation-induced emulsion grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto a polyethylene-coated polypropylene nonwoven fabric (PE/PP-NF) and subsequent three-step chemical modifications consisting of amination with N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazine (N-Bocpiperazine, NBPZ), deprotection of the Boc group with HCl, and dithiocarbamation with carbon disulfide (CS 2 ). By using the NBPZ reagent in the amination step, the self-cross-linking of piperazine (PZ) could be completely suppressed, unlike using the PZ reagent. Consequently, the PZ-DTC group density of the fibrous grafted metal adsorbent synthesized through NBPZ attained 2.122 mmol-PZ-DTC/g-adsorbent, which was approximately 6 times higher than that of the metal adsorbent synthesized through PZ. The fibrous grafted metal adsorbent with the PZ-DTC group selectively adsorbed heavy metal ions over light metal ions. Furthermore, it exhibited high adsorption capacity, particularly for Cu 2+ . The Cu 2+ adsorption capacity was determined to be 1.903 mmol-Cu 2+ /g-adsorbent by a batchwise adsorption test using a single-metal-ion aqueous solution at pH 6. The order of metal ion selectivity of the fibrous grafted metal adsorbent with the PZ-DTC group was

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Emulsion grafting of vinyl acetate onto preirradiated poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) film

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

An optimised synthesis of high performance radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes

An optimised synthesis of high performance radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes

RAFT-Mediated Radiation Grafting on Natural Fibers in Aqueous Emulsion

Synthesis of Fibrous Metal Adsorbent with a Piperazinyl-Dithiocarbamate Group by Radiation-Induced Grafting and Its Performance

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