Emulsion liquid membrane for heavy metal removal: An overview on emulsion stabilization and destabilization

Ahmad, A.L.; Kusumastuti, Adhi; Chan, Derek Juinn Chieh; Ooi, B. S.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.05.102

Cited by 220 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…It was believed that high concentration of KOH might significantly increase the osmotic pressure difference between internal and external phases and thus result in emulsion leaking. It was also reported that the potential reaction between KOH and the surfactant Span 80 might result in reduced properties of the surfactant and consequently lead to an emulsion destabilization [36]. The removal of copper and cyanide from the external solution by ELMs exhibits insignificant change when KOH concentration varies from 0.05-0.5 mol/L (Figure 4), indicating 0.05 mol/L KOH in the internal phase is good enough for stripping copper cyanides from the membrane phase under experimental conditions.…”

Section: Influence Of Koh In the Internal Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, using less extractant is always preferred in practice from an economic point view since, in most cases, extractant is usually the most expensive agent among membrane components [36]. [16,[34][35][36]. However, it should be noted that, at a high concentration, surfactant may form emulsions that are stable with a higher emulsion viscosity.…”

Section: Influence Of Extractant and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A great number of studies indicated that both extractant and surfactant played important roles in the ELM formation [16,36]. The mobile carrier, LIX 7950, acts as a "shuttle" to carry the target species through ELMs in this case.…”

Section: Influence Of Extractant and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, a high content of extractant in the membrane phase may result in increased viscosity which may affect the dispersion behavior of ELMs and cause a decline in interfacial area, and, consequently, lead to a slow extraction rate of target species. Besides, using less extractant is always preferred in practice from an economic point view since, in most cases, extractant is usually the most expensive agent among membrane components [36]. [16,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Influence Of Extractant and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although the technology has been successfully practiced for removing some heavy metals from waste solutions, its operating efficiency is highly dependent on the emulsion instability which commonly includes membrane leakage, coalescence, and emulsion swelling. In order to obtain relatively stable emulsion liquid membranes, its formulation design including selection of carrier, strip agent, surfactant, diluents, and preparation method is critical [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copper and Cyanide Extraction with Emulsion Liquid Membrane with LIX 7950 as the Mobile Carrier: Part 1, Emulsion Stability

Chang

Wang

et al. 2015

Metals

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Abstract:The potential use of emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) with LIX 7950 as the mobile carrier to remove heavy metals from waste cyanide solutions has been proposed. Relatively stable ELMs with reasonable leakage and swelling can be formed under suitable mixing time and speed during emulsification. The concentration of LIX 7950 and Span 80 in the membrane phase, KOH in the internal phase and the volume ratio of membrane to internal phases are also critical to ELM formation. The efficiency of copper and cyanide removal from dilute cyanide solution by ELMs is related to ELM stability to some extent. More than 90% copper and cyanide can be removed from dilute cyanide solutions by ELMs formed under suitable experimental conditions.

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Section: Influence Of Koh In the Internal Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Extractant and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Extractant and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Extractant and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Copper and Cyanide Extraction with Emulsion Liquid Membrane with LIX 7950 as the Mobile Carrier: Part 1, Emulsion Stability

Chang

Wang

et al. 2015

Metals

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Liquid Membranes, Supported and Emulsion

Víllora

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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Liquid membranes (LMs) constitute an emerging technique that can be used as an alternative for separation processes, mainly due to their high efficiency, and as such are being looked into for industrial applications. This article provides information on two types of LMs, supported liquid membrane (SLM) and emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), presenting the principles, methods of preparation, transport mechanisms, stability, and applications of a number of separation processes. SLMs use porous supports impregnated with a solvent. Solute molecules dissolve into the membrane at the feed/membrane interface, and the dissolved species diffuse through the membrane and desorb at the receiving phase. Numerous processes based on SLMs have been proposed as effective methods for the separation of different chemical species, such as organic compounds, metal ions, gas mixtures, or pharmaceutical compounds. Nevertheless, the application of SLMs on a large scale is still limited due to inadequate membrane stability. Much effort has been put into to improve SLM stability, and one possible alternative is to substitute organic solvents in the membrane by room temperature organic liquids (ILs), which possess unique properties that are interesting in the context of LMs. Thus, supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) receive special attention in this article. ELMs are prepared by the intensive mixing of two nonmiscible phases (e.g., water droplets in an oil phase) and the addition of some strong surfactant. Some recent advances in this field are presented.

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Applications of Supported Liquid Membranes and Emulsion Liquid Membranes

Molinari

Argurio

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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Liquid membrane (LM)‐based processes represent a promising alternative to traditional separation processes as they combine extraction and stripping into a single stage, thus having great potential for significantly reducing cost and ecological impact. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) and supported liquid membrane (SLM) are the most interesting LM‐based processes in view of large‐scale application. In the present article, some applications of these processes are described. To achieve the success of an ELM process on a large scale, an appropriate selection of the operating conditions, influencing both emulsion stability (e.g., type and concentration of surfactant, emulsification method) and the extraction/stripping process, is important. The optimized ELM process can be employed to efficiently remove organic (e.g., phenol, bisphenol A) and inorganic compounds (e.g., zinc, chromium, and cadmium) from wastewaters at industrial scale. SLM is today largely employed as a sample preconcentration technique for detecting analytes in liquid samples at trace levels in the field of biological and environmental analysis. The high process selectivity; the long‐term stability; the use of the hollow fiber configuration, characterized by high membrane surface area; the optimal quality of treated water; and the green character make the SLM process feasible and effective in concentrating and recovering metallic ions from dilute industrial wastewaters. Thus, the two LM processes considered represent powerful, attractive, and technically feasible methods for selective separation and concentration of both organic and inorganic compounds from dilute aqueous solutions fulfilling sustainability criteria.

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Emulsion liquid membrane for heavy metal removal: An overview on emulsion stabilization and destabilization

Cited by 220 publications

References 108 publications

Copper and Cyanide Extraction with Emulsion Liquid Membrane with LIX 7950 as the Mobile Carrier: Part 1, Emulsion Stability

Copper and Cyanide Extraction with Emulsion Liquid Membrane with LIX 7950 as the Mobile Carrier: Part 1, Emulsion Stability

Liquid Membranes, Supported and Emulsion

Applications of Supported Liquid Membranes and Emulsion Liquid Membranes

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