Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using a Surface-active RAFT agent: The Role of Surfactant

Shim, Sang Eun; Shin, Yoda; Lee, Huije; Choe, Soonja

doi:10.1007/s00289-003-0218-0

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Stenzel-Rosenbaum et al reported that the increase of the polymerization temperature led to the higher conversion and reaction rate but reduced the molecular weight and PDI in the synthesis of star polymer using a RAFT technique . In our previous study on the living free radical emulsion polymerization of MMA , and dispersion polymerization of MMA, both in the presence of 4-thiobenzoyl sulfanylmethylbenzoic acid derivatives as a RAFT agent, the conversion, polymerization kinetics, molecular weight, and PDI were sensitively affected by the polymerization temperature. On the basis of these works, one can conclude that the polymerization temperature is one of the important parameters in living free radical polymerization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Synthesis of Functionalized Monodisperse Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles by a RAFT Agent Carrying Carboxyl End Group

2004

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A RAFT agent bearing a carboxylic acid group is applied to the miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in order to prepare the stability-enhanced functionalized latex. At the polymerization temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 °C, the polymerization kinetics, evaluation of the molecular weight, and PDI are found to be strongly dependent on the temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the polymerization rate, the lower the molecular weight, and the lower the PDI are obtained. The PMMA nanoparticles prepared by the miniemulsion polymerization using this RAFT agent show some interesting characteristics. As the amounts of the RAFT agent increase, the magnitude of the zeta potential and the conductivity correspondingly increase and the size of the PMMA nanoparticle decreases from 118.8 to 49.5 nm. These results imply that the carboxyl group (or partially in anionic form) is present on the surface of the polymer particles, and therefore, the stability of the system is enhanced. Furthermore, no noticeable sign of creaming or destabilization of the PMMA nanoparticles was observed for at least several months by remaining as a homogeneous latex.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Synthesis of Functionalized Monodisperse Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles by a RAFT Agent Carrying Carboxyl End Group

2004

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“…The emulsion-based suspension free-radical polymerization method , was used. For the synthesis of all PMMA-shelled lauric acid core capsules (PSLACCs), the weight ratio of the MMA monomer to lauric acid is 1:2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The O/W emulsion droplets containing lauric acid, MMA, EGDMA, and the surfactant/emulsifier are formed via high-energy homogenization. By raising the temperature and adding AIBN, polymerization and cross-linking are initiated, leading to the formation of the PMMA polymer shell …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoencapsulated Lauric Acid with a Poly(methyl methacrylate) Shell for Thermal Energy Storage with Optimum Capacity and Reliability

Liu

Fleischer

Feng

2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Organic phase change materials (PCMs) show much potential for thermal energy storage, but the liquid leakage tendency limits their practicality. This can be mitigated by encapsulation using a polymer shell. Fatty acids are promising for encapsulation due to the potentially strong bonding with the polymer shell materials to potentially enhance the overall thermal efficiency. Previous studies on encapsulating fatty acids are on the micro-or mesoscales, but in this study, the focus is on nanoscale encapsulation, which has the advantage of enhanced thermal conductivity. A nanoencapsulated poly(methyl methacrylate)shelled lauric acid core system is created. The system has strong performance characteristics: high latent heat (up to 130 J/g) and particularly excellent thermal reliability (over 2000 cycles). Moreover, by changing the surfactants, the PCM capsule size can be tuned between 400 and 1000 nm with a shell thickness range of 20−100 nm. Controlling of molecular diffusion and flow is potentially the dominant mechanism for greatly enhancing the reliability of nanoencapsulated energy storage materials. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy (IR) is proved to be a fast search tool to test the PCM encapsulation conditions. Conventionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to evaluate the PCM encapsulation. Compared to DSC, the IR-based technique is much faster (<1.0 min), requiring a minimal sample amount (<0.1 mg), and is consumable-free. Thus, the IR-based technique could help greatly speed up the finding of optimal conditions for fabricating highperformance encapsulated PCMs.

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“…In the literature, there are few examples of surface-active chain transfer agent application for RAFT emulsion polymerization. [23][24][25][26][27][28] The surface-active CTAs in all of the reported cases have been used to improve the RAFT control, by localizing the polymerization growth, and enhance the colloidal stability of the latex, by replacing all of the surfactant with the surfaceactive CTA. Shim et al 23 have used a UV-initiated dithiobenzoyl surface-active CTA, having a benzoic hydrophobic compound and a carboxylate as the hydrophilic entity.…”

Section: Surface-active Chain Transfer Agent In Raft Emulsion Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

RAFT microemulsion polymerization with surface-active chain transfer agent

El-Hedok¹

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Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using a Surface-active RAFT agent: The Role of Surfactant

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Synthesis of Functionalized Monodisperse Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles by a RAFT Agent Carrying Carboxyl End Group

Synthesis of Functionalized Monodisperse Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles by a RAFT Agent Carrying Carboxyl End Group

Nanoencapsulated Lauric Acid with a Poly(methyl methacrylate) Shell for Thermal Energy Storage with Optimum Capacity and Reliability

RAFT microemulsion polymerization with surface-active chain transfer agent

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