Emulsion polymerization of styrene using reaction calorimeter. II. Importance of maximum in rate of polymerization

Emulsion polymerization of styrene using reaction calorimeter. III. Effect of initial monomer/water ratio

“…The results support those presented previously. 14 The reaction with extra emulsifier proceeded without further coagulation to the end of the process. The decrease in R p due to limited coagulation was also shown to be a reproducible process.…”

Radical entry mechanisms in redox-initiated emulsion polymerizations

“…Gravimetric determination of rates cannot produce data of sufficient accuracy for this purpose, and dilatometry has usually been employed to obtain rate data of sufficient precision. However, accurate dilatometry is very hard to implement under the feed conditions that are typical for redox systems, and hence the means of choice for obtaining rate data in the present study is calorimetry [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

A Critical Overview of Sensors for Monitoring Polymerizations

“…The latter was useful to unveil information regarding emulsion polymerization intervals, which could not be observed with discrete measurements. In a subsequent study,76–78 they used the same approach and monitored Q r to see the effect of the emulsifier concentration [below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC)], initiator concentration, initial monomer/water ratio and to study improvement of particle stability through knowledge of the maximum rate of polymerization ( R p ). The reader is also referred to Poersch‐Panke et al79 for a study of calorimetry in the precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid (AA).…”