Emulsions as Vaccine Adjuvants

Shah, R. Y.; Brito, Luis A.; O’Hagan, Derek T.; Amiji, Mansoor M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1417-3_4

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are several types of adjuvants on the market, which have an immunogenic effect when inoculated in animals and humans: those that are based on Alum [ 13 ], as well as emulsions based on mineral or non-mineral oils [ 14 ], which are the most widely used and approved for use in humans [ 15 ]. Alum-based adjuvants are not highly effective in stimulating the cellular immune response of either Th1 or Th2 [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squalene in oil-based adjuvant improves the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and confirms safety in animal models

Choque-Guevara

Poma-Acevedo²,

Montesinos-Millán³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccines against its etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of new variants of the virus lead to the generation of new alternatives to improve the current sub-unit vaccines in development. In the present report, the immunogenicity of the Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 formulated with an oil-in-water emulsion and a water-in-oil emulsion with squalene was evaluated in mice and hamsters. The RBD protein was expressed in insect cells and purified by chromatography until >95% purity. The protein was shown to have the appropriate folding as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry binding assays to its receptor, as well as by its detection by hamster immune anti-S1 sera under non-reducing conditions. In immunization assays, although the cellular immune response elicited by both adjuvants were similar, the formulation based in water-in-oil emulsion and squalene generated an earlier humoral response as determined by ELISA. Similarly, this formulation was able to stimulate neutralizing antibodies in hamsters. The vaccine candidate was shown to be safe, as demonstrated by the histopathological analysis in lungs, liver and kidney. These results have shown the potential of this formulation vaccine to be evaluated in a challenge against SARS-CoV-2 and determine its ability to confer protection.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squalene in oil-based adjuvant improves the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and confirms safety in animal models

Choque-Guevara

Poma-Acevedo²,

Montesinos-Millán³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Emulsion adjuvants are well-established as safe and effective when combined with a variety of antigens, particularly influenza vaccines for both seasonal and pandemic responses [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Given their ability to minimize the antigen dose and to reduce the number of immunizations needed, emulsion adjuvants (mainly MF59 and AS03) have been the adjuvant of choice during pandemic responses, as seen in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Emulsified Adjuvant System Containing the Immune Potentiator Alpha Tocopherol Induces Higher Neutralizing Antibody Responses than a Squalene-Only Emulsion When Evaluated with a Recombinant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pentamer Antigen in Mice

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of new vaccine adjuvants represents a key approach to improvingi the immune responses to recombinant vaccine antigens. Emulsion adjuvants, such as AS03 and MF59, in combination with influenza vaccines, have allowed antigen dose sparing, greater breadth of responses and fewer immunizations. It has been demonstrated previously that emulsion adjuvants can be prepared using a simple, low-shear process of self-emulsification (SE). The role of alpha tocopherol as an immune potentiator in emulsion adjuvants is clear from the success of AS03 in pandemic responses, both to influenza and COVID-19. Although it was a significant formulation challenge to include alpha tocopherol in an emulsion prepared by a low-shear process, the resultant self-emulsifying adjuvant system (SE-AS) showed a comparable effect to the established AS03 when used with a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV). In this paper, we first optimized the SE-AS with alpha tocopherol to create SE-AS44, which allowed the emulsion to be sterile-filtered. Then, we compared the in vitro cell activation cytokine profile of SE-AS44 with the self-emulsifying adjuvant 160 (SEA160), a squalene-only adjuvant. In addition, we evaluated SE-AS44 and SEA160 competitively, in combination with a recombinant cytomegalovirus (CMV) pentamer antigen mouse.

show abstract

“…Emulsion adjuvants are well established as safe and efficacious when combined with variety of antigens, particularly influenza vaccines for both seasonal and pandemic responses [1][2][3]. Given their key attribute of minimizing antigen dose and reducing the number of immunizations needed; emulsion adjuvants, mainly MF59 and AS03, have been the adjuvant of choice during a pandemic setting as seen in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic [4][5][6] but were also investigated and now approved, in several countries, as a component of protein-based vaccines in response to SARS-CoV2 pandemic [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Emulsified Adjuvant System Containing Alpha-Tocopherol Induced Higher Neutralizing Antibody Responses than a Squalene Only Emulsion Against a Recombinant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pentamer Antigen

Lodaya¹,

Kanitkar²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research for novel vaccine adjuvants remains a critical need to improve the immune responses to a recombinant vaccine antigen. Emulsion adjuvants such as AS03 and MF59, particularly in the area of Influenza vaccines, have shown antigen dose sparing and allowed reduced immunizations. It was previously demonstrated that these emulsion adjuvants can be formulated using a simpler, low shear process of self-emulsification. The role of alpha tocopherol as an immunomodulator in emulsion adjuvants is evident from the success of AS03 in the on-going covid-19 pandemic. Although, it was a challenge to formulate alpha tocopherol with a low shear process to get closer to the AS03 composition, the self-emulsified version referred as self-emulsifying adjuvant systems (SE-AS) showed comparable immune responses to AS03 when co-administered with a Quadrivalent influenza virus (QIV) vaccine. In this paper, we first optimized the SE-AS with alpha tocopherol referred to as SE-AS44 to allow sterile filtration. We compared the in vitro cytokine profile with self-emulsifying adjuvant 160 (SEA160), a squalene-only self-emulsified adjuvant with composition similar to MF59. We compared SE-AS44 and SEA160 co-administered with a recombinant cytomegalovirus (CMV) pentamer antigen, which is a less immunogenic antigen, in vivo to compare the antibody and T-cell responses, in different adjuvanted groups, in C57BL/6 mice.

show abstract

Emulsions as Vaccine Adjuvants

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Squalene in oil-based adjuvant improves the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and confirms safety in animal models

Squalene in oil-based adjuvant improves the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and confirms safety in animal models

A Self-Emulsified Adjuvant System Containing the Immune Potentiator Alpha Tocopherol Induces Higher Neutralizing Antibody Responses than a Squalene-Only Emulsion When Evaluated with a Recombinant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pentamer Antigen in Mice

A Self-Emulsified Adjuvant System Containing Alpha-Tocopherol Induced Higher Neutralizing Antibody Responses than a Squalene Only Emulsion Against a Recombinant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pentamer Antigen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About