Enabling ecosystem services at the neighborhood scale while allowing for urban regrowth: the case of Halle, Germany

Abstract

Cities that begin to regrow after a long period of decline and land abandonment are under pressure to provide comfortable housing conditions in preferred neighborhoods for their residents. On the other hand, these cities should preserve interim green spaces that result from decline because these spaces are a real treasure for densifying cities. Using the case of the city of Halle in post-socialist Eastern Germany, we explore four land use alternatives for neighborhood development close to what might happen: (1) urban densification, (2) spacious housing, (3) the green city, and (4) the edible city. We seek to discover opportunities for regrowth and sustainable land use development by applying the ecosystem services and green points frameworks to a set of land use transition rules. Land use change has been defined for strategic development areas according to the Master Plan and complementary visions of land change. The results of the study provide highly interesting insights into how both regrowth and greening can be enabled in densifying neighborhoods and what types of green are most effective in providing carbon storage and summer heat regulation. Moreover, gardens, as central elements of the edible city concept, were found to be flexible in implementation in very differently dynamic neighborhoods by providing multi-functional spaces for ecosystem services such as climate regulation, local food production, daily recreation, and nature experience. Results demonstrate that ecosystem services benefit flows increase only in districts where real estate pressure is low. In districts with growing population numbers, green spaces are reduced. This may result in increased injustice in green space availability seeing as we have modeled a recreational space per capita of < 9 m² in the Southern Suburb, whereas an increase to almost 70 m² was simulated in the shrinking, prefabricated Newtown. Most importantly, modeling the narratives of the Master Plan in a spatially explicit way demonstrates unused potential for greening in Halle. Thus, we conclude that urban planning should make regular use of such land use alternative to look for hidden combined visions of green and growth in a formerly shrinking city.

Bumble bee colony health and performance vary widely across the urban ecosystem

“…In our study, we documented an average foraging trip duration of 28 min, which is much shorter compared to the average trip duration of B. terrestris foragers observed in other studies at agricultural sites (56 min: Osborne et al, 1999; 46 min: Maurer et al, 2020) as well as urban sites (68 min: Spaethe & Weidenmuller, 2002). Halle (Saale) is a green city (Haase & Wolff, 2022) and thus the high availability of floral resources within the urban sampling locations of our study might be the explanation of the shorter average foraging trips that we observed.…”

Clustering public urban green spaces through ecosystem services potential: A typology proposal for place-based interventions

“…This evidence is not new, as several studies reveal the presence of environmental injustice in the city of Porto (Graça et al, 2018;Hoffimann et al, 2017;Vidal et al, 2021c), which is a trend of the south-European cities (Kabisch et al, 2016;Ribeiro et al, 2017). However, some studies focused on central-European cities, with a similar dimension to Porto, have also identified this uneven distribution of PUGS, namely Brussels (Stessens et al, 2017), Halle (Haase and Wolff, 2022) and Salzburg (Artmann et al, 2019).…”

The Role of Brownfields and Their Revitalisation for the Functional Connectivity of the Urban Tree System in a Regrowing City

“…This network basically consists of large forest patches as well as bigger parks, while the centrally located parks serve as both habitats and relevant connectors for the whole network. Being relevant for recreation and biodiversity, the corresponding parks need to be the subject of follow-up studies on the trade-offs between these two ecosystem services [72,73]. In addition, secondary networks substantially contribute to functional connectivity in other parts of the city for which, in particular, cemeteries, allotment gardens, or green sport facilities play a key role.…”