Enabling interference-aware and energy-efficient coexistence of multiple wireless body area networks with unknown dynamics

Abstract

This paper presents an adaptive interference mitigation scheme for multiple coexisting wireless body area networks (WBANs) based on social interaction. The proposed scheme considers the mobility of nodes within each WBAN as well as the relative movement of WBANs with respect to each other. With respect to this mobile scenario traffic load, signal strength and the density of sensors in a WBAN are incorporated to optimize transmission time with synchronous and parallel transmissions to significantly reduce the radio interference and energy consumption of nodes. This approach leads to higher packet delivery ratio (PDR) and longer network lifetime even with nodes dynamically moving into and out of each others interference region. We make channel assignment more energyefficient and further reduce power consumption using transmit power control with simple channel prediction. Simulation results show that our approach maintains optimum spatial reuse with a range of channel dynamics within and between coexisting BANs. This protocol based on social interaction is shown to mitigate interference and minimize power consumption, and increase the spatial reuse and PDR of each WBAN, while increasing network lifetime. In the context of the adaptive interference mitigation scheme proposed, this paper also reviews the state of art in literature on mobility, MAC layer and power control solutions for WBANs, as well as providing a summary of interference mitigation schemes previously applied in WBANs.

An Optimal Online Resource Allocation Algorithm for Energy Harvesting Body Area Networks

“…This protocol is based on clustering protocol that makes use of direct transmission technique depending upon the criticality and the location of the sensor. The authors in [39] present an adaptive interference mitigation scheme for multiple coexisting BANs based on social interaction to reduce energy consumption. The energy consumption is reduced by optimizing the transmission time by synchronous and parallel transmission.…”

“…The energy consumption is reduced by optimizing the transmission time by synchronous and parallel transmission. However, literatures [34][35][36][37][38][39] just consider how to save energy or balance energy consumption, without considering harvesting energy from outside. It is not enough to prolong the lifetime of BANs.…”

Cross-Layer Designs for Body-to-Body Networks: Adaptive CSMA/CA with Distributed Routing

“…Along with some centralized multiple access mechanisms [2]- [4] for radio interference mitigation in coexisting BANs, few recent works [5]- [7] consider carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) techniques to deal with network dynamics and mobility of BANs. A MAC protocol with two-layer interference mitigation (2L-MAC) is proposed in [6], where carrier sensing and polling frames are used to reduce inter-BAN and intra-BAN interference, respectively.…”

“…In recent work [10], the authors proposed an adaptive CSMA/CA mechanism considering the IEEE 802.11 Standard (WiFi networks) for cumulative-interferencepower carrier-sensing (CPCS) and pairwise-distance based incremental-power carrier-sensing (IPCS), where the carrier sense thresholds are adjusted instantly based on the dynamic feedback of nearby transmissions, with respect to the detected level of hidden nodes and exposed nodes. Yet, this approach consumes more energy due to a frequent change of the carrier sensing threshold, which is not efficient for slowly-varying and extremely resource-constrained networks like BANs that have more stringent requirements than other standards subject to transmit power, mobility and topological changes [4].…”

A Comparative Analysis of Single-Hop and Multi-hop transmission using EERDT Protocol in Mobile and Critical Scenario for WBAN

“…In non-medical applications especially in military, WBANs are used to prevent sensitive information from being caught by enemies. Various applications have been discussed in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Few of them are categorized and illustrated in Figure 2.…”