Enabling Multipath Optical Routing with Hybrid Differential Delay Compensation

Abstract

Historically, Internet traffic has been routed over the shortest path: that was convenient for best-effort data traffic, but it is not always suitable for today's scenario where applications can require bandwidth higher than what is available in a single link, even when provided by an optical wavelength-channel. Multi-path (MP) routing is a network functionality that provides more capacity, reduces the probability of link congestion and increases the availability of the transport service. This paper elaborates on techniques to mitigate the differential delay in all optical networks, recognized as the main problem of multi-path (MP) routing. This work shows how hybrid differential delay compensation (H-DDC) can greatly reduce the use of expensive reconstruction buffers in all optical networks implementing MP optical routing. A novel mixed integer linear programming formulation is proposed for the novel wavelength + H-DDC assignment problem: distributed fiber delay lines (FDL)s combined with electronic reconstruction buffers collocated at optical regeneration points. Numerical results based on commercially available (and rack mountable) FDLs demonstrate the effectiveness of H-DDC in medium size transport networks.

Dynamic multi-hop multipath RMSA and traffic grooming in OFDM-based sliceable elastic optical networks

“…In Fig. 4(b), no single-lightpath edge was added between each of the following node pairs: (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3,4), (3,5), (4, 2), (4, 5), and (5, 2). An attempt is made to find a set of lightpaths with aggregated bandwidth greater than or equal to b t between each of these node pairs.…”

“…An attempt is made to find a set of lightpaths with aggregated bandwidth greater than or equal to b t between each of these node pairs. Suppose that this attempt is successful for each of the following node pairs: (1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3,4), (3,5), (4, 2), and (5, 2). A directed multi-lightpath edge is added between each of these node pairs as shown in Fig.…”

“…Multipath RMSA offers a number of benefits including provisioning connection requests with ultra-high bandwidth demands [39], single-hop provisioning of long distance and high-bandwidth connection requests [10], and better utilization of fragmented spectral resource [10,11,17]. Note that differential delay between different routing paths can be addressed using differential delay compensation techniques [3] or a multipath provisioning approach that takes differential delay into account. How to address the differential delay issue for multipath provisioning is out of the scope of this paper.…”

Uma estratégia de proteção eficiente em EONs-SDM utilizando p-cycle FIPP

“…Em EONs o roteamento multicaminho reduz o bloqueio de solicitações ao estabelecimento de conexão, pois usa vários caminhos para fornecer a largura de banda necessária quando nãoé possível atenderà demanda com a largura de banda disponível em umúnico caminho. A utilização de roteamento multicaminhos em EONs oferece vantagens de maior utilização do espectro, menor probabilidade de bloqueio de banda larga [Alvizu et al 2018], e incremento de sobrevivência [Zhan et al 2019, Oliveira andda Fonseca 2019a], já que o volume total da demanda está dividido em diversas transmissões por caminhos diferentes.…”