Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Anode through Electrochemical Kinetics Manipulation

Han, Yehu; Jie, Yulin; Huang, Fanyang; Chen, Yawei; Lei, Zhijun; Zhang, Genqiang; Ren, Xiaodi; Qin, Lianjie; Cao, Ruiguo; Jiao, Shuhong

doi:10.1002/adfm.201904629

Cited by 93 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…High temperature partially accelerates some side reactions between Li anode and electrolyte, and then results in enhanced inhomogeneity of SEI for Li ion diffusion. The nonuniform utilization patterns of Li metal is consistent with the previous works at 60 8C in an ether electrolyte, [14,22] is formed only after 10 cycles when the operation temperature reaches 90 8C (Figure 3 b), which is related to a high resistance of SEI ( Figure 2). When it comes to a moderate working temperature at 25 8C, compact and uniform Li deposition with large Li nodules is observed ( Figure 3 c; Supporting Information, Figure S4b).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Consequently, the components and structure of SEI change, inducing different Li ion diffusion pathways and the behaviors of Li deposition. [14,15] Therefore, a working Li metal anode at elevated temperature is much distinctive from that at room temperature. Furthermore, the exploration of a working Li metal anode at elevated temperature can provide new perspectives for disclosing the behaviors of Li plating/stripping and the formation mechanism of SEI, which affords fundamental guidance for anode interfacial regulation at elevated temperature in various battery systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cycling a Lithium Metal Anode at 90 °C in a Liquid Electrolyte

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2020

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Stable operation at elevated temperature is necessary for lithium metal anode. However, Li metal anode generally has poor performance and safety concerns at high temperature (>55 °C) owing to the thermal instability of the electrolyte and solid electrolyte interphase in a routine liquid electrolyte. Herein a Li metal anode working at an elevated temperature (90 °C) is demonstrated in a thermotolerant electrolyte. In a Li|LiFePO4 battery working at 90 °C, the anode undergoes 100 cycles compared with 10 cycles in a practical carbonate electrolyte. During the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase, independent and incomplete decomposition of Li salts and solvents aggravate. Some unstable intermediates emerge at 90 °C, degenerating the uniformity of Li deposition. This work not only demonstrates a working Li metal anode at 90 °C, but also provides fundamental understanding of solid electrolyte interphase and Li deposition at elevated temperature for rechargeable batteries.

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

Cycling a Lithium Metal Anode at 90 °C in a Liquid Electrolyte

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2020

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…[22,23] Diffusion-controlled growth is generally accompanied by the formation of dendritic structures, whereas kinetics-controlled growth leads to identical (homogeneous) metal growth on the overall surface. [24][25][26] The above equation suggests that both a high density of active sites for metal nucleus formation and a continuous and sufficient supply of Li ions are essential for homogeneous (film-like) metal growth. [22] Although the origin of high-aspect-ratio metal dendrite formation is not entirely understood, several reports suggest that it is closely connected to the above-mentioned linear equation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances in the Design of 3D‐Structured Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Metal Anodes

2020

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In view of their high energy densities, absence of memory effects, and high round-trip energy efficiencies, conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used on scales ranging from compact electronic devices to grid systems [8,9] but are currently reaching their maximal capacity, as their specific/volumetric energy densities are limited by the use of heavy metal-based active host materials. [10,11] The use of Li as a high-energy active anode material is a possible solution to this problem, as this metal exhibits a high theoretical capacity of ≈3860 mAh g −1 and a low redox potential (−3.040 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). [12,13] However, the Li-metal anode (LMA) has some fatal drawbacks originating from highaspect-ratio metal growth, e.g., continuous electrolyte consumption, Coulombic efficiency (CE) reduction, elevated cell polarization due to side reactions producing dead Li, and safety issues caused by electrode short-circuiting. [14,15] Recently, these drawbacks have been addressed by several approaches such as electrode design and electrolyte engineering. [16-21] Metal growth can be described by a first-order linear equation as Although the lithium-metal anode (LMA) can deliver a high theoretical capacity of ≈3860 mAh g −1 at a low redox potential of −3.040 V (vs the standard hydrogen electrode), its application in rechargeable batteries is hindered by the poor Coulombic efficiency and safety issues caused by dendritic metal growth. Consequently, careful electrode design, electrolyte engineering, solid-electrolyte interface control, protective layer introduction, and other strategies are suggested as possible solutions. In particular, one should note the great potential of 3D-structured electrode materials, which feature high active specific surface areas and stereoscopic structures with multitudinous lithiophilic sites and can therefore facilitate rapid Li-ion flux and metal nucleation as well as mitigate Li dendrite formation through the kinetic control of metal deposition even at high local current densities. This progress report reviews the design of 3D-structured electrode materials for LMA according to their categories, namely 1) metal-based materials, 2) carbon-based materials, and 3) their hybrids, and allows the results obtained under different experimental conditions to be seen at a single glance, thus being helpful for researchers working in related fields.

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“…His research interest includes design of deformablebatteries, synthesis of high capacity organic/inorganic anode materials, synthesis of poly-meric binder and separator for rechargeable batteries.. carbonate electrolytes of less than %, and of approximately 99 % in advanced electrolytes. [72][73][74][75][76] The use of excess amounts of Li metal and electrolytes is the quick-fix solution to attain stable batteries with a long life span. [77] However, it is the antithesis of the new research stream toward investigating high-energy level batteries.…”

Section: Challenges Associated With LI Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization

Lee

Song

Cho

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Rechargeable batteries have been a profoundly greater part of our lives than we could have ever imagined. The rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) that have been developed for transport systems even put fossil fuels in the corner. However, state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries with graphite anodes are now approaching their theoretical specific energy limits, so they cannot meet the increasing demands of a range of portable electronics and large‐scale energy storage systems. Li metal is one of the most promising anode materials that could break through the energy density bottleneck of Li‐ion batteries due to its ultrahigh specific capacity and very low potential compared to other anode materials. Nonetheless, the direct use of Li metal in commercial battery systems has been hindered due to significant obstacles associated with it such as safety issues, corrosion from chemical reactions that occur inside the battery, or poor cycling performance. The fundamental reason for these problems is the dendritic growth of Li‐ions on the Li metal anode during cycling, as a result of the interfacial phenomena of Li metal and electrolytes. Modification of the Li metal interface with an electrolyte presents an efficient solution to solve these problems. In this review, the current challenges facing the development of Li metal anodes are presented in detail. The most recent advances in Li metal anodes using a controlled interface between the Li metal surface and an electrolyte are highlighted and an introduction on the synthesis and production methods for the application of high‐energy‐density battery systems such as Li‐oxygen (Li−O2), Li‐sulfur (Li−S), and Li metal batteries with high‐energy density cathodes is presented. Furthermore, the recent developments in the in situ/operando analysis tools adopted for the investigation of Li metal anodes such as the structural and chemical changes, dynamic properties, and solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer properties are described and summarized. Finally, some suggestions are given in the direction of the development of Li metal with artificial surface layers for use in future high‐energy batteries.

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Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Anode through Electrochemical Kinetics Manipulation

Cited by 93 publications

References 40 publications

Cycling a Lithium Metal Anode at 90 °C in a Liquid Electrolyte

Cycling a Lithium Metal Anode at 90 °C in a Liquid Electrolyte

Advances in the Design of 3D‐Structured Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Metal Anodes

Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization

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