Enactment and retrieval

Peterson, Daniel J.; Mulligan, Neil W.

doi:10.3758/mc.38.2.233

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Second, as demonstrated by the age × navigation interaction, active navigation helped to reduce false recognitions in younger adults but had an opposite effect in older adults, thereby increasing their susceptibility to false recognitions (mostly source‐based false recognitions, although the three‐way age × navigation × type of lure interaction only yielded a trend towards significance). We explain both findings in terms of the item‐specific/relational processing distinction (Hunt & Einstein, ) which predicts that manipulations designed to enhance item‐specific processing highly benefit EM and mostly recognition memory (McCabe et al ., ; Thomas & Sommers, ) but not tasks depending on semantic relational information (Peterson & Mulligan, ). Indeed, in the present study, active navigation only enhanced performances in tasks mainly relying on item‐specific processing such as recognition but not on relational processing (i.e., semantic clustering).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Finally, a delayed yes/no item recognition task is administered, consisting of 16 targets and 28 distractors (see Delis et al, 1987, for a more detailed description of the test).Ageing, active navigation, and object memory 73 relational processing is defined as the processing of shared features or gists (i.e., car; shared featurevehicle) (Hunt & Einstein, 1981). In regard to SPT studies, there is growing evidence that performing actions during encoding enhances performance on tasks related to item-specific processing such as correct recognition or even free recall tasks, but it does not have any effect on tasks specifically relying on relational processing such as semantic clustering (Peterson & Mulligan, 2010). If active navigation and the SPT paradigm are analogous, they should share similar properties regarding underlying mechanisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and active navigation effects on episodic memory: A virtual reality study

Sauzéon

N’Kaoua

Pala

et al. 2015

British J of Psychology

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We investigated the navigation-related age effects on learning, proactive interference semantic clustering, recognition hits, and false recognitions in a naturalistic situation using a virtual apartment-based task. We also examined the neuropsychological correlates (executive functioning [EF] and episodic memory) of navigation-related age effects on memory. Younger and older adults either actively navigated or passively followed the computer-guided tour of an apartment. The results indicated that active navigation increased recognition hits compared with passive navigation, but it did not influence other memory measures (learning, proactive interference, and semantic clustering) to a similar extent in either age group. Furthermore, active navigation helped to reduce false recognitions in younger adults but increased those made by older adults. This differential effect of active navigation for younger and older adults was accounted for by EF score. Like for the subject-performed task effects, the effects from the navigation manipulation were well accounted for by item-specific/relational processing distinction, and they were also consistent with a source monitoring deficit in older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and active navigation effects on episodic memory: A virtual reality study

Sauzéon

N’Kaoua

Pala

et al. 2015

British J of Psychology

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“…To assess cognitive persistence, how often participants switched between categories was calculated using the adjusted ratio of clustering (ARC; Roenker, Thompson, & Brown, 1971; see also Baas et al, 2011a;Peterson & Mulligan, 2010). The ARC measures how often an idea is followed by an idea from the same category correcting for the number of chance repetitions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necessity is the mother of invention: Avoidance motivation stimulates creativity through cognitive effort.

Roskes

Dreu

Nijstad³

2012

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

175

199

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Compared with approach motivation, avoidance motivation has often been related to reduced creativity because it evokes a relatively inflexible processing style. This finding seems inconsistent with the dual pathway to creativity model, which poses that both flexible and persistent processing styles can result in creative output. Reconciling these inconsistencies, the authors hypothesized that avoidance-motivated individuals are not unable to be creative, but they have to compensate for their inflexible processing style by effortful and controlled processing. Results of 5 experiments revealed that when individuals are avoidance motivated, they can be as creative as when they are approach motivated, but only when creativity is functional for goal achievement, motivating them to exert the extra effort (Experiments 1-4). The authors found that approach motivation was associated with cognitive flexibility and avoidance motivation with cognitive persistence (Experiment 1), that creative tasks are perceived to be more difficult by avoidance- than by approach-motivated individuals, and that avoidance-motivated individuals felt more depleted after creative performance (Experiment 2a, 2b, and 3). Finally, creative performance of avoidance-motivated individuals suffered more from a load on working memory (Study 4). The present results suggest that for people focusing on avoiding negative outcomes, creative performance is difficult and depleting, and they only pay these high cognitive costs when creativity helps achieving their goals.

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“…Moreover, gestures will aid retrieval and improve problem solving as the required mental simulation processes are based on richer sensory experiences that can be reactivated more easily (cf. enactment effect; Peterson & Mulligan, 2010).…”

Section: Gestures Facilitate Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestures in Instructional Animations: A Helping Hand to Understanding Non‐human Movements?

Koning

Tabbers

2013

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Recent research on dynamic visualizations suggests that these visualizations are effective for learning human movements such as knot tying or paper folding. Using embodied theories of cognition, this study investigated whether learning non-human movements from a dynamic visualization can also be enhanced by grounding these movements in the learner's motor system. University students viewed an animation on lightning formation, and followed the animation's movements with gestures, saw an on-screen human hand follow the movements or saw an arrow follow the movements. Results showed that observing an onscreen human hand following the movements in the animation, but not actually performing these movements, enhanced retention and transfer performance compared with watching the animation without gestures. This suggests that observation of human hand movement in animation-based instruction, which plays an important role in learning of procedural-motor tasks, can also improve people's learning from other dynamic systems.

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Enactment and retrieval

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Age and active navigation effects on episodic memory: A virtual reality study

Age and active navigation effects on episodic memory: A virtual reality study

Necessity is the mother of invention: Avoidance motivation stimulates creativity through cognitive effort.

Gestures in Instructional Animations: A Helping Hand to Understanding Non‐human Movements?

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