Enamel Matrix Derivative Promotes Superoxide Production and Chemotaxis but Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Expression by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Abstract

Background Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) is the predominant innate immune cell type activated in acute inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on superoxide (O2−) generation, chemotaxis, and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP 8) secretion by PMN in vitro to better understand the role of EMD in surgical wound healing. Methods PMN were isolated from healthy volunteers (N = 14). Superoxide generation was measured using a cytochrome-C reduction assay. Chemotaxis was measured in a modified Boyden chamber. MMP 8 secretion was analyzed by Western blotting. A relative density method was used to determine the percent of MMP 8 released from the PMN in relation to the total cellular MMP 8 content. Results O2− generation was significantly elevated when PMN were stimulated with EMD (200 μg/ml) (P<0.01). Secondary stimulation of PMN with 1 μM fMLP trigged earlier and more sustained O2− generation with EMD. EMD significantly increased PMN chemotactic activity (P<0.05). Combined stimulation with EMD plus formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) resulted in significantly higher chemotaxis compared to fMLP alone (P<0.05). Conversely, EMD did not induce MMP 8 secretion from PMN. MMP 8 secretion by PMN in response to fMLP or serum-opsonized zymosan (OZ) stimulation was significantly inhibited by EMD (P<0.05). Conclusion EMD has specific, differential actions on PMN that suggest potential for enhancement of wound healing; bacterial and tissue debris clearance (O2− generation and chemotaxis) and suppress tissue damage and degradation (MMP 8). Taken together, the data suggest that EMD enhances wound healing and reduces inflammation.

Recombinant Amelogenin Protein Induces Apical Closure and Pulp Regeneration in Open-apex, Nonvital Permanent Canine Teeth

“…A consistent result in the present study is the absence of prominent inflammatory reaction following the use of the recombinant amelogenin protein (27, 74, 75). One of the amelogenin splicing isoforms, leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) induces Wnt10b expression that attenuates the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8, providing a potent anti-inflammatory effect (48, 76).…”

Enamel matrix derivative, inflammation and soft tissue wound healing

“…However, when neutrophils were incubated with 1 m m N ‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine or serum‐opsonized zymosan, stimulation of MMP‐8 was significantly inhibited by EMD. This study suggests that EMD has specific, differential actions on PMNs that could correlate with a potential effect for enhancement of wound healing, bacterial and tissue debris clearance ( generation and chemotaxis), and reduction of inflammation by suppression of tissue damage and degradation .…”

“…The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the impact of EMD on superoxide () generation, chemotaxis and MMP‐8 secretion by PMNs to understand better the role of EMD in surgical wound healing. Human PMNs responded to EMD with significantly elevated generation and chemotactic activity . In contrast, EMD did not induce MMP‐8 expression.…”

“…Only one study has investigated the effects of EMD on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) (Table ). The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the impact of EMD on superoxide () generation, chemotaxis and MMP‐8 secretion by PMNs to understand better the role of EMD in surgical wound healing.…”

Modified Tunnel Technique Combined with Enamel Matrix Derivative: A Minimally Invasive Treatment for Single or Multiple Class I Recession Defects

“…Moreover, EMD may promote superoxide production and chemotaxis but reduces matrix metalloproteinase‐8 expression by polymorphonuclear leukocytes that suggest potential for enhancement of wound healing, bacterial and tissue debris clearance, and suppress tissue damage and degradation …”