The
copper-catalyzed reductive Ireland–Claisen rearrangement
of propargylic acrylates led to 3,4-allenoic acids. The use of silanes
or pinacolborane as stoichiometric reducing agents and triethylphosphite
as a ligand facilitated the divergent and complementary selectivity
for the synthesis of diastereomeric anti- and syn-rearranged products, respectively. Copper-catalyzed
reductive Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of allylic 2,3-allenoates
proceeded effectively only when pinacolborane was used as a reductant
to generate various 1,5-dienes in excellent yields and with good diastereoselectivities
in some cases. Mechanistic studies showed that the silyl and boron
enolates, rather than the copper enolate, underwent a stereospecific
rearrangement via a chairlike transition state to afford the corresponding
Claisen rearrangement products.