The synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazepin-5(2H)-ones and 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones
from β-substituted
β-hydroxyaminoaldehydes is reported. The β-hydroxyaminoaldehydes
were prepared by enantioselective organocatalytic 1,4-addition of N-tert-butyl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxycarbamate
to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (MacMillan protocol). Alkyne
addition to the aldehydes followed by alcohol oxidation furnished N-Boc O-TBS-protected β-aminoynones.
Removal of the TBS protecting group initiated a 7-endo-dig cyclization to yield previously unknown 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazepin-5(2H)-ones. Reductive cleavage of the N–O bond of the
oxazepinones and Boc-deprotection provided 2-substituted 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones via 6-endo-trig cyclization. 2,3-Dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones are versatile intermediates that have been used
for the synthesis of many alkaloids. The new protocol allows the synthesis
of 3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones carrying an array
of substituents at C2 that cannot be prepared from commercial β-amino
acids or by one-carbon homologation of proteinogenic amino acids.
The use of readily available β-hydroxylaminoaldehydes expands
the utility of our previously reported method to prepare 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones from β-amino acids as the source of diversity
and chirality. A broad substrate scope is possible because β-aminoaldehydes
can be prepared from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by an enantioselective
organocatalytic process.