Encapsulated NOLA™ Fit 5500 Lactase—An Economically Beneficial Way to Obtain Lactose-Free Milk at Low Temperature

Czyżewska, Katarzyna; Trusek-Hołownia, A.

doi:10.3390/catal11050527

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, their activity at 12 °C and source of isolation—microorganisms Generally Recognized As Safe—correspond to the industrial requirements of food processes and ensure the preservation of the nutritional value of the processed raw materials [ 14 ]. These observations were confirmed by literature studies on dairy processes and low-temperature biocatalysis [ 9 , 27 , 31 – 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Although CAT does not directly participate in glucose decomposition, its presence was necessary to maintain the high enzymatic activity of GOX, through the decomposition of H 2 O 2 , which acts as inhibitor toward GOX [ 9 ]. The proposed strategy referred to previous results, in which authors discussed the importance of product inhibition during NOLA-induced lactose hydrolysis [ 27 ] and indicated the critical process parameters (pH of medium and oxygen concentration) that accompany the enzymatic decomposition of glucose by a two-enzyme cascade with GOX and CAT [ 9 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The distinct sweetness of L-F milk was confirmed organoleptic. However, its aroma and color resembled those of conventional cow’s milk [ 27 ].

Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain sweet L-F milk, lactose was hydrolyzed by free NOLA at a concentration of 1.5 g/L in a thermostated glass reactor at the working volume of 5 mL (12 °C) and at a mixing speed of 240 rpm. The progress of the reaction was determined by measuring glucose concentration using a Biomaxima analytical test, as previously described by the authors [ 27 ]. Briefly, 10 μL of the sample was added to 1 mL of the glucose reagent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk

Czyżewska,

Trusek

2024

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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The growing need in the current market for innovative solutions to obtain lactose-free (L-F) milk is caused by the annual increase in the prevalence of lactose intolerance inside as well as the newborn, children, and adults. Various configurations of enzymes can yield two distinct L-F products: sweet (β-galactosidase) and unsweet (β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase) L-F milk. In addition, the reduction of sweetness through glucose decomposition should be performed in a one-pot mode with catalase to eliminate product inhibition caused by H2O2. Both L-F products enjoy popularity among a rapidly expanding group of consumers. Although enzyme immobilization techniques are well known in industrial processes, new carriers and economic strategies are still being searched. Polymeric carriers, due to the variety of functional groups and non-toxicity, are attractive propositions for individual and co-immobilization of food enzymes. In the presented work, two strategies (with free and immobilized enzymes; β-galactosidase NOLA, glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, and catalase from Serratia sp.) for obtaining sweet and unsweet L-F milk under low-temperature conditions were proposed. For free enzymes, achieving the critical assumption, lactose hydrolysis and glucose decomposition occurred after 1 and 4.3 h, respectively. The tested catalytic membranes were created on regenerated cellulose and polyamide. In both cases, the time required for lactose and glucose bioconversion was extended compared to free enzymes. However, these preparations could be reused for up to five (β-galactosidase) and ten cycles (glucose oxidase with catalase). Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The distinct sweetness of L-F milk was confirmed organoleptic. However, its aroma and color resembled those of conventional cow’s milk [ 27 ].

Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk

Czyżewska,

Trusek

2024

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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“…It was challenging to achieve at least an 80% hydrolysis yield using β-galactosidase, due to the formation of galactose and glucose in the presence of permeate salts, acids and proteins. Czyzewska et al [29] confirmed that the presence of glucose in the hydrolysed substrate strongly affects the activity of NOLA™ Fit5500 β-galactosidase. Inhibition slows the rate of hydrolysis and decreases the enzymatic activity, which, in turn, prolongs the hydrolysis reaction [30].…”

Section: Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Transgalactosylation In Whey Permeatementioning

confidence: 93%

Bioconversion of Lactose into Glucose–Galactose Syrup by Two-Stage Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Majore

Ciproviča

2022

Foods

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Fermentation technology enables the better use of resources and the conversion of dairy waste into valuable food products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the conversion rate of glucose into fructose by immobilised glucose isomerase (GI) in sweet and acid whey permeates for glucose–galactose syrup production. The experiments demonstrated that the highest concentration of glucose and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) in sweet and acid whey permeates was reached by GODO-YNL2 β-galactosidase, 32 ± 2% and 28 ± 1%, respectively. After glucose isomerisation, the highest fructose yield was 23 ± 0.3% and 13 ± 0.4% in sweet and acid whey permeates, where Ha-Lactase 5200 β-galactosidase was used for lactose hydrolysis in sweet and acid whey permeates. Finally, the results of this study highlight the potential for two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis to increase the sweetness of glucose–galactose syrup made from sweet and acid whey permeates.

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Synthesis of Galacto-oligosaccharides in Milk by Using Bifidobacterium bifidum β-galactosidases (Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500) Immobilized on Chitosan Beads

Bodnár,

Fazekas,

Nagy

et al. 2023

Food Bioprocess Technol

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The lactose intolerance—as a limiting factor for dairy milk consumption—has a high prevalence worldwide. Dairy milk and milk-derived products are major sources of multiple inorganic compounds and nutrients and thus are considered to be functional foods. β-galactosidases are able to hydrolyze lactose and are therefore widely applied for the production of lactose-free products. In addition, they are capable of the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs); thus, the dairy industry has a special interest in applying them for the enrichment of dairy products with prebiotic GOSs. In this work, we studied two commercially available β-galactosidase products: Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500. Both enzyme solutions contain a recombinant β-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium bifidum and have already been authorized for food industrial application, but the information about their hydrolytic and/or synthetic activities is only limited. After immobilization on chitosan beads, the enzymes were used for lactose hydrolysis and simultaneous synthesis of GOSs, by performing the reactions in pasteurized milk (skim milk). Both immobilized β-galactosidase exhibited elevated lactose hydrolysis (vmax increased from ~ 1 to ~ 4 mM/min) and GOS synthesis as compared to the free enzymes. The enzyme-coated beads were efficiently re-used at least 15 cycles; the residual lactose concentration was < 2 mg/ml after each cycle. After treatment, GOSs were present in ≤ 9% of the total sugar content, indicating that the prepared low-lactose milks were enriched in prebiotic GOSs. The application of immobilized Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500 β-galactosidases may be implemented for the large-scale production of GOS-enriched low-lactose milk. Graphical Abstract

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Encapsulated NOLA™ Fit 5500 Lactase—An Economically Beneficial Way to Obtain Lactose-Free Milk at Low Temperature

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk

A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk

Bioconversion of Lactose into Glucose–Galactose Syrup by Two-Stage Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Synthesis of Galacto-oligosaccharides in Milk by Using Bifidobacterium bifidum β-galactosidases (Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500) Immobilized on Chitosan Beads

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