“…Low porousity biochars have shown far lower performances, as reported by Luna-Lama et al [242], who used spent coffee grounds pyrolyzed at 800 • C and reached a specific capacity of only 360 mAh/g. This trend was confirmed by Zhang et al [243], who reported values of around 600 mAh/g when using a microporous biochar. Similarly, Benitez et al [244] reported the use of microporous biochar as a cathodic material for a lithium-sulfur battery with a specific capacity of 915 mAh/g and a current density of 100 mA/g.…”
Section: Biochar Used For Batteries Productionsupporting
Biochar is the solid residue that is recovered after the thermal cracking of biomasses in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Biochar has been used for many years as a soil amendment and in general soil applications. Nonetheless, biochar is far more than a mere soil amendment. In this review, we report all the non-soil applications of biochar including environmental remediation, energy storage, composites, and catalyst production. We provide a general overview of the recent uses of biochar in material science, thus presenting this cheap and waste-derived material as a high value-added and carbonaceous source.
“…Low porousity biochars have shown far lower performances, as reported by Luna-Lama et al [242], who used spent coffee grounds pyrolyzed at 800 • C and reached a specific capacity of only 360 mAh/g. This trend was confirmed by Zhang et al [243], who reported values of around 600 mAh/g when using a microporous biochar. Similarly, Benitez et al [244] reported the use of microporous biochar as a cathodic material for a lithium-sulfur battery with a specific capacity of 915 mAh/g and a current density of 100 mA/g.…”
Section: Biochar Used For Batteries Productionsupporting
Biochar is the solid residue that is recovered after the thermal cracking of biomasses in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Biochar has been used for many years as a soil amendment and in general soil applications. Nonetheless, biochar is far more than a mere soil amendment. In this review, we report all the non-soil applications of biochar including environmental remediation, energy storage, composites, and catalyst production. We provide a general overview of the recent uses of biochar in material science, thus presenting this cheap and waste-derived material as a high value-added and carbonaceous source.
“…The hierarchically porous frameworks of HPMC-NP can act as effective physical barriers for preventing the dissolution of the adsorbed iodine (Supplementary Fig. 8 ), but efficient pathways for electron transfer via the highly conductive 3D carbon skeleton 34 , 35 , enhancing the electrochemical performance. Fig.…”
Graphitic carbons have been used as conductive supports for developing rechargeable batteries. However, the classic ion intercalation in graphitic carbon has yet to be coupled with extrinsic redox reactions to develop rechargeable batteries. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a free-standing, flexible nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped hierarchically porous graphitic carbon for iodine loading by pyrolysis of polyaniline coated cellulose wiper. We find that heteroatoms could provide additional defect sites for encapsulating iodine while the porous carbon skeleton facilitates redox reactions of iodine and ion intercalation. The combination of ion intercalation with redox reactions of iodine allows for developing rechargeable iodine–carbon batteries free from the unsafe lithium/sodium metals, and hence eliminates the long-standing safety issue. The unique architecture of the hierarchically porous graphitic carbon with heteroatom doping not only provides suitable spaces for both iodine encapsulation and cation intercalation but also generates efficient electronic and ionic transport pathways, thus leading to enhanced performance.
“…[ 7,34 ] In addition, the surface area and pore size distribution of Se 50 /PBC obviously decrease to 34.1 m 2 g −1 and 0.06 cm 3 g −1 after selenium impregnation (Figure 3a,b), which demonstrates that the voids in the PBC have been almost entirely occupied by amorphous Se. [ 35,36 ] The most important thing is that selenium molecules stored in micropores can not only decrease the loss of active‐selenium, improving the utilization, but also prevent the formation of long‐chain polyselenide, alleviating the shuttle effect. [ 37 ] The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distributions of Se 60 /PBC and Se 70 /PBC were also measured, as shown in Figure S4, Supporting Information.…”
Selenium (Se) has received extensive attention as the most competitive cathode material for next generation high‐energy batteries. However, the shuttle effect of polyselenide and volume change lead to inferior electrochemical properties. To solve these issues, a porous bamboo‐derived carbon (PBC) with abundant meso/micropores is prepared as a framework to effectively encapsulate elemental selenium. For Li–Se batteries, Se/PBC electrode delivers an outstanding capacity of 509 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C (1 C = 675 mA g−1) with a low capacity fade of 0.036% per cycle. The Se/PBC composite also reveals a satisfied electrochemical performance for Na–Se batteries with an excellent capacity of 409 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Moreover, Se/PBC electrode also presents excellent long‐term cycle performance and rate performance at 15 C for Li–Se batteries and 10 C for Na–Se batteries. The outstanding properties are attributed to the specific 3D structure and high conductivity of PBC, which significantly inhibits the shuttle effect and enhances the reaction kinetics. Herein, not only the great application potential of bamboo in energy storage systems is demonstrated, but also an effective approach and low‐cost strategy for improving the performance of lithium/sodium–selenium batteries is offered.
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