Encapsulation of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for the Acoustic Communication between Medical Implants

Oevermann, Jorge; Weber, P. K.; Tretbar, Steffen

doi:10.3390/s21020421

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(3) Consider data security issues. Data security [64][65][66][67][68][69] is one of the most concerned issues. Security protocols and encryption algorithms are mostly used to achieve the security and privacy of data, but there are few considerations in terms of their induced delay and energy consumption issues.…”

Section: Issues and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Collaborative Scheduling of Computing Tasks in an Edge Computing Paradigm

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In edge computing, edge devices can offload their overloaded computing tasks to an edge server. This can give full play to an edge server’s advantages in computing and storage, and efficiently execute computing tasks. However, if they together offload all the overloaded computing tasks to an edge server, it can be overloaded, thereby resulting in the high processing delay of many computing tasks and unexpectedly high energy consumption. On the other hand, the resources in idle edge devices may be wasted and resource-rich cloud centers may be underutilized. Therefore, it is essential to explore a computing task collaborative scheduling mechanism with an edge server, a cloud center and edge devices according to task characteristics, optimization objectives and system status. It can help one realize efficient collaborative scheduling and precise execution of all computing tasks. This work analyzes and summarizes the edge computing scenarios in an edge computing paradigm. It then classifies the computing tasks in edge computing scenarios. Next, it formulates the optimization problem of computation offloading for an edge computing system. According to the problem formulation, the collaborative scheduling methods of computing tasks are then reviewed. Finally, future research issues for advanced collaborative scheduling in the context of edge computing are indicated.

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Section: Issues and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Collaborative Scheduling of Computing Tasks in an Edge Computing Paradigm

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…After curing for 24 hours at room temperature, a surface encapsulation layer could be applied onto the device. Two of the most commonly used materials that have been used for CMUT encapsulation are Parylene-C and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [41]. In this work, PDMS polymer, which is a bio-compatible and transparent polymer with an acoustic impedance similar to tissue, was used as the surface encapsulation material.…”

Section: Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Dual-Frequency CMUT Arrays for Photoacoustic Imaging

Ghavami,

Sobhani,

Zemp

2023

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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The opaque ultrasound transducers used in conventional photoacoustic imaging systems necessitate oblique light delivery, which gives rise to some disadvantages such as inefficient target illumination and bulky system size. This work proposes a transparent capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) linear array with dual-band operation for throughillumination photoacoustic imaging. Fabricated using an adhesive wafer bonding method, the array consists of optically transparent conductors (ITO) as both top and bottom electrodes, a transparent polymer (BCB) as the sidewall and adhesive material, and largely transparent silicon nitride as the membrane. The fabricated device had a maximum optical transparency of 76.8% in the visible range. Furthermore, to simultaneously maintain higher spatial resolution and deeper imaging depth, this dualfrequency array consists of low and high frequency channels with 4.2 and 9.3 MHz center frequencies, respectively, which are configured in an interlaced architecture to minimize the grating lobes in the receive point spread function. With a wider bandwidth compared to the single frequency case, the fabricated transparent dual-frequency CMUT array was used in throughillumination photoacoustic imaging of wire targets demonstrating an improved spatial resolution and imaging depth.

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