Encapsulation of enzyme via one‐step template‐free formation of stable organic–inorganic capsules: A simple and efficient method for immobilizing enzyme with high activity and recyclability

Abstract

Enzyme encapsulation is a simple, gentle, and general method for immobilizing enzyme, but it often suffers from one or more problems regarding enzyme loading efficiency, enzyme leakage, mechanical stability, and recyclability. Here we report a novel, simple, and efficient method for enzyme encapsulation to overcome these problems by forming stable organic-inorganic hybrid capsules. A new, facile, one-step, and template-free synthesis of organic-inorganic capsules in aqueous phase were developed based on PEI-induced simultaneous interfacial self-assembly of Fmoc-FF and polycondensation of silicate. Addition of an aqueous solution of Fmoc-FF and sodium silicate into an aqueous solution of PEI gave a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid capsules (FPSi) with multi-layered structure in high yield. The capsules are mechanically stable due to the incorporation of inorganic silica. Direct encapsulation of enzyme such as epoxide hydrolase SpEH and BSA along with the formation of the organic-inorganic capsules gave high yield of enzyme-containing capsules (∼1.2 mm in diameter), >90% enzyme loading efficiency, high specific enzyme loading (158 mg protein g(-1) carrier), and low enzyme leakage (<3% after 48 h incubation). FPSi-SpEH capsules catalyzed the hydrolysis of cyclohexene oxide to give (1R, 2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diol in high yield and concentration, with high specific activity (6.94 U mg(-1) protein) and the same high enantioselectivity as the free enzyme. The immobilized SpEH demonstrated also excellent operational stability and recyclability: retaining 87% productivity after 20 cycles with a total reaction time of 80 h. The new enzyme encapsulation method is efficient, practical, and also better than other reported encapsulation methods.

Coupled Immobilized Amine Dehydrogenase and Glucose Dehydrogenase for Asymmetric Synthesis of Amines by Reductive Amination with Cofactor Recycling

“…Enzyme immobilization could improve enzyme stability and reduce enzyme costs through recycling. Many immobilization techniques have been developed . Among them, the immobilization of enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is very attractive, as the large surface area, low mass transfer limitation, and magnetic properties of MNPs could give high specific enzyme loading, retain high enzyme activity, and enable easy magnetic separation .…”

Recent progress in preparation and agricultural application of microcapsules

“…α-Chymotrypsin, SpEH, etc. (Huang, Wu, Goldman, & Li, 2015;Petrov, Volodkin, & Sukhorukov, 2008;Polk, Amsden, De Yao, Peng, & Goosen, 1994a;Taqieddin & Amiji, 2004;Zhang et al, 2009;Zuo et al, 2017) F I G U R E 1 The "egg-box" structure of calcium alginate (Sikorski et al, 2007) The α-polyester microcapsule is the most widely studied one with a fully synthetic polymer material as the wall shell, such as PLA and PLGA due to their good biocompatibility (Jalil & Nixon, 1990;Yu, Wong, & Chang, 1998 (Cui et al, 2005). However, the formation of hydrophobic interfaces generally leads to interfacial adsorption followed by unfolding and aggregation of proteins or peptides such as lysozyme and ovalbumin, which may inhibit their encapsulation into PLG microspheres (Pérez, Castellanos, Costantino, Al-Azzam, & Griebenow, 2002).…”

Adsorptive removal of Ni(ii) ions from aqueous solution and the synthesis of a Ni-doped ceramic: an efficient enzyme carrier exhibiting enhanced activity of immobilized lipase

“…The chitosan nanoparticle is therefore expected to be suitable for the removal of Ni 2+ , to prevent secondary contamination, and to yield a novel and stable complex particle containing high Ni 2+ concentrations that could be suitable for a range of applications. 23,24 A variety of solids have been investigated for use as the support, including silicon particles, 25 magnetic particles, 26 and porous ceramic monoliths. 20 To date, Ni-based carriers have been widely used in protein purification and enzyme immobilization.…”