Encapsulation of Exogenous Proteins in Vault Nanoparticles

Wang, Meng; Abad, Danny; Kickhoefer, Valerie A.; Rome, Leonard H.; Mahendra, Shaily

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Vault particles have also been loaded with exogenous cargo by genetic fusion of guests to a natural peptide tag that binds to the major vault protein. 877,878 In a therapeutic application, this system was used to encapsulate and deliver a chemokine, 565 which sustained antitumor activity and inhibited cancer growth in a mouse model. 4.2.2.2.…”

Section: Interior Engineering For Cargo Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2022

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Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse protein cages, including viral capsids, ferritins, bacterial microcompartments, and designed capsules, as vaccines, drug delivery vehicles, targeted imaging agents, nanoreactors, templates for controlled materials synthesis, building blocks for higher-order architectures, and more. A deep understanding of the principles underlying the construction, function, and evolution of natural systems has been key to tailoring selective cargo encapsulation and interactions with both biological systems and synthetic materials through protein engineering and directed evolution. The ability to adapt and design increasingly sophisticated capsid structures and functions stands to benefit the fields of catalysis, materials science, and medicine.

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Section: Interior Engineering For Cargo Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Vault particles, large, hollow ribonucleoprotein cages, have been investigated as drug delivery vehicles. Their roles in several mechanisms and pathways have been studied and they are emerging as potential delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules [83][84][85][86]. However, they have not been widely studied for vaccine development.…”

Section: Outstanding Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials, biological molecules, and polymers in developing vaccines

Ravi

Shamiya

Chakraborty

et al. 2021

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

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Vaccines have been used to train the immune system to recognize pathogens, and prevent and treat diseases, such as cancer, for decades. However, there are continuing challenges in their manufacturing, large-scale production, and storage. Some of them also show suboptimal immunogenicity, requiring additional adjuvants and booster doses. As an alternate vaccination strategy, a new class of biomimetic materials with unique functionalities has emerged in recent years. Here, we explore the current bioengineering techniques that make use of hydrogels, modified polymers, cell membranes, self-assembled proteins, virus-like particles (VLPs), and nucleic acids to deliver and develop biomaterial-based vaccines. We also review design principles and key regulatory issues associated with their development. Finally, we critically assess their limitations, explore approaches to overcome these limitations, and discuss potential future applications for clinical translation. Vaccines and their limitationsSeveral prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines (see Glossary) are successfully used to protect humans against numerous infectious pathogens and diseases, and to prevent their spread among communities worldwide. According to the WHO, more than 70% of children were given shots of routinely administered vaccines (Box 1) globally in 2019 i . Efforts are continuously being made to develop new vaccines for emerging and established pathogens and diseases, the current Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic being a good example. The area of therapeutic vaccine development, particularly for cancer therapy, is also being widely studied [1]. With an increasing demand for high-quality vaccines, there is a need to investigate innovative and novel approaches that are superior to conventional methods (Box 1). Polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials could aid these efforts owing to their favorable characteristics and widespread success in other fields [1][2][3][4]. These NPs can be used to address the current limitations of traditional vaccines, such as low immunogenicity, safety issues, and need for booster doses [5][6][7][8][9]. Here, we discuss different approaches used to elevate the efficacy of vaccines for multiple applications using the principles of engineering (Figure 1, key figure). Engineered biological and biomaterial vaccinesThe engineering of diverse biomaterials, organisms, and biological molecules can yield improved vaccines and vaccine delivery vehicles that overcome several, if not all, of the current limitations and challenges in the field of vaccine development [10]. The following are six approaches using polymeric hydrogels, biologically modified polymers, cell membranes, self-assembled proteins, VLPs, and nucleic acids that have been applied to advance the efficacy and competence of vaccines. The first three approaches make use of the properties of the materials to enhance the delivery of the encapsulated antigens, and the latter three exploit the properties of the biological molecules to develop superior a...

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“…156 These vaults have been engineered to encapsulate nonnative proteins in their interior. 154,157 For this, a targeting domain of the telomerase-associated protein able to bind the major vault protein was identified. This domain was fused to luciferase and, after coexpression in insect cells, was included in the vault interior, as verified by cryo-EM.…”

Section: Natural Protein-based Cages In Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%