“…Other transformations include etherification to make neutral starches (Misman, Azura, & Hamid, 2015), and ozone treatment, which is both a chemical and physical modification method (Castanha, Santos, Cunha, & Augusto, 2019;Klein et al, 2014). Morphological modification is also a common strategy that is utilized to change starches' functional properties to give porous starch or starch nanoparticles (NPs) (Li, Zhao et al, 2018;Oliyaei, Moosavi-Nasab, Tamaddon, & Fazaeli, 2020;Xiang et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2017). Enzymatic modification by pullulanase, an enzyme that cleaves (1,6)-α-D glycosidic linkages, can also effectively change the amylopectin to amylose ratio (Abidin et al, 2018; Although most of these modification strategies involve fairly simple synthetic reaction steps, much attention has recently been focused on developing and optimizing processes for reactive extrusion of starch, opening the door for further commercialization of starch-based products (Fitch-Vargas et al, 2019;Fonseca-Florido et al, 2019;Jebalia et al, 2019;Kaisangsri, Kowalski, Kerdchoechuen, Laohakunjit, & Ganjyal, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Milotskyi, Bliard, Tusseau, & Benoit, 2018;Nessi et al, 2019;Siyamak, Laycock, & Luckman, 2020;Tian, Zhang, Sun, Jin, & Wu, 2015;Ye et al, 2019).…”