Encapsulation of Oil Seeds as a Safe System for the Application of Non-Toxic Plant Protection

Abstract

One of the urgent problems of the agricultural industry in Kazakhstan is the low yield of oilseeds, depending on various factors. The primary factor is the vulnerability of sunflower seeds to different phytopathogens and pests. Diseases develop during almost the entire growing season, starting from the moment of seed germination. In order to avoid mass infection, a large number of fungicides are used, which requires additional financial costs and, on the other hand, worsens the ecological state of the environment, also contradicts the principles of organic farming. In this regard, much attention of researchers is attracted by the development of new technologies for pre-sowing treatment of agricultural seeds, which provide: improving the sowing qualities of seeds, stimulating the physiological and biochemical processes of growth also development of seedlings, reducing the consumption of seed material and increasing the resistance of seedlings to pathogenic microorganisms. Encapsulation or drageeing of seeds solves the problem of their morbidity and death under adverse soil-climatic also extreme conditions of cultivation. Of particular relevance are the tasks of insecticidal and fungicidal activity of encapsulation, the solution of which would increase crop yields by including in its composition the substances necessary for active plant growth (growth regulators, microelements, drugs against fungal diseases). The high cost of the constituent components of polymer shells is noted and, accordingly, the actual problem is to find methods to reduce their cost.This work is devoted to the selection of the optimal encapsulating composition from gelatin (G) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in a combination of fungicides “Maxim” and “Kruizer” to obtain an encapsulating composition of sunflower seeds.