Encapsulation of rutin in protein nanoparticles by pH‐driven method: impact of rutin solubility and mechanisms

Abstract

BackgroundThe use of rutin in the food industry is limited by its poor solubility. Encapsulation can be used as an effective way to improve polyphenol solubility. Proteins with high safety, biocompatibility and multiple binding sites are known as the most promising encapsulated carriers. Therefore, the improvement of rutin solubility by pH‐driven to encapsulate of rutin in SPI nanoparticles, as well as the form of rutin after encapsulation and rutin‐protein binding index were investigated.ResultsSPI had a high encapsulation efficiency (87.5 %) and loading amount (10.6%) for rutin. When the mass ratio of protein to rutin was 5:1, the highest concentration of rutin in solution was 3.27 g L‐1, which was a 51.57‐fold increase compared to the original rutin. At this situation, rutin transformed from crystalline to amorphous form. During the formation of nanoparticles, SPI was in a dynamic change of unfolding and refolding. Rutin deprotonated in alkaline conditions increased its solubility and bind to proteins to form nanoparticles during the process of backing to neutral. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond promoted the formation of the nanoparticles and there were at least 1‐2 bind sites between rutin and SPI molecule.ConclusionThese results suggested that encapsulation rutin in protein nanoparticles can effectively increase the solubility of rutin. This study may provide important information for the effective utilization of polyphenol functional foods.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Atualidades Sobre a Dengue: Do Diagnóstico Ao Tratamento

“…A rutina (3,3',4',5,7-penta-hidroxiflavona-3-rutinosídeo, RUT) é um flavonoide de origem natural, encontrado em mais de 70 espécies de frutas e plantas até o momento, como maçã, laranja, maracujá e trigo sarraceno (LUO et al, 2024;CHEN et al, 2023). Este flavonoide apresenta uma variedade de atividades biológicas relevantes, como atividade antioxidante, anticancerígena, anti-inflamatória, antitrombótica e antidiabética (LUO et al, 2024;OZTIIRKA et al, 2023). Devido às suas notáveis atividades biológicas, RUT tem sido extensivamente estudada em modelos in vivo e in vitro.…”

ULK1 Mediated Autophagy-Promoting Effects of Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Contribute to the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Besides Inhibiting EMT in Hep3B Hepatoma Cells

“…An electrostatic attraction between negatively charged rutin and positively charged CNPs can result in an improved drug uptake, although rutin has poor loading efficacy on nanoparticles (to almost 10%), especially polymers. [34][35][36] The major limitations associated with the use of this plant active are that they pose neurotoxic and cardiotoxic side-effects, including the formation of hemorrhoids. 37 Hence, the nanoformulation of rutin was attempted in our report using CNPs for efficient drug delivery towards Hep3B cells, in an attempt to improve the specific targeting of cancer cells with limited toxicity.…”