“…PEC cells are still in the early stages of development, but the process shows great promise for efficiently utilizing a broader range of the solar spectrum. Much effort was made into creating effective photoelectrode materials, such as TiO 2 , 44 WO 3 , 45 a-Fe 2 O 3 , 46 CdS, 47 SnSe, 48 and BiVO 4 , 49 to improve the PEC water splitting performance. To improve efficiency, photoelectrodes have been modified in several ways, including by synthesizing quantum dots (QDs) [50][51][52] and converting them into colloidal semiconductors by combining them with chalcogenides (sulfides and selenides), 53,54 with 2D materials, 55,56 with carbides or nitride, 57 or with narrowband gap metals and semiconductors.…”