Encapsulation of β-Carotene in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Containing Nanocellulose: Impact on Emulsion Properties, In Vitro Digestion, and Bioaccessibility

Fitri, Ichlasia Ainul; Mitbumrung, Wiphada; Akanitkul, Ploypailin; Rungraung, Numphung; Kemsawasd, Varongsiri; Jain, Surangna; Winuprasith, Thunnalin

doi:10.3390/polym14071414

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Comparing the microstructures of LNPs@BC at different digestion stages (Figure E), it is evident that the changes in microstructure align closely with the observed particle size changes, similar to the findings reported by Fitri et al During simulated gastric digestion, the pH decrease weakens electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles, leading to pronounced agglomeration. LNP@BC-1 exhibits severe agglomeration, indicating its instability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Lipase-Responsive Lignin Composite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Insoluble Bioactives

Bai,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Low solubility and chemical instability are the main problems with insoluble bioactives. Lignin, with its exceptional biological properties and amphiphilicity, holds promise as a delivery system material. In this study, glycerol esters were incorporated into alkali lignin (AL) through ether and ester bonds, resulting in the successful synthesis of three hydrophobically modified alkali lignins (AL-OA, AL-OGL, and AL-SAN-OGL). Subsequently, lignin composite nanoparticles (LNPs@BC) encapsulating β-carotene were prepared using antisolvent and sonication techniques. The encapsulation rates were determined to be 37.69 ± 2.21%, 84.01 ± 5.55%, 83.82 ± 5.23%, and 83.11 ± 5.85% for LNP@BC-1, LNP@BC-2, LNP@BC-3, and LNP@BC-4, respectively, with AL, AL-OA, AL-OGL, and AL-SAN-OGL serving as the wall materials under optimized preparation conditions. The antioxidant properties and UV-absorbing capacity of the four lignins were characterized, demonstrating their efficacy in enhancing the oxygen and photostability of β-carotene. Following 6 h of UV irradiation, LNP@BC-4 exhibited a retention rate of 83.03 ± 2.85% for β-carotene, while storage under light-protected conditions at 25 °C for 7 days retained 73.33 ± 7.62% of β-carotene. Furthermore, the encapsulated β-carotene demonstrated enhanced thermal and storage stability. In vitro release experiments revealed superior stability of LNPs@BC in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), with β-carotene retention exceeding 77% in both LNP@BC-3 and LNP@BC-4. LNP@BC-4 exhibited the highest bioaccessibility in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at 46.96 ± 0.80%, that LNP@BC-1 only achieved 10.87 ± 0.90%. The enzymatic responsiveness of AL-OGL and AL-SAN-OGL was confirmed. Moreover, LNPs@BC exhibited no cytotoxicity toward L929 cells and demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility. In summary, this study introduces a novel enzyme-responsive modified lignin that has promising applications in the fields of food, biomedicine, and animal feed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Lipase-Responsive Lignin Composite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Insoluble Bioactives

Bai,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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“…Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has emerged as an ideal matrix for these nanocomposites, given its natural compatibility with nanocellulose structures (Oun & Rhim, 2017). Both cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and CMC can be easily used to prepare capsules by different techniques (Calegari et al, 2022;Fitri et al, 2022;Levin et al, 2018;Nie et al, 2021). Therefore, the present work proposes the use of nanocellulose:CMC nanocomposite (CNC:CMC) as a system suitable for protecting T. harzianum, employed as a model microorganism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum with nanocellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite

Brondi

Florencio

Mattoso

et al. 2022

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…This was due to the flocculation of oil droplets, which resulted in emulsion droplet aggregates that occurred in the emulsion-based delivery system using NFC as an emulsifier [ 29 ]. Therefore, the emulsion system stabilized by NFC generally produced large emulsion droplets due to the long and fibrous properties of NFC, which may have induced the flocculation rather than coalescence of the emulsion droplets [ 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a significant increase in viscosity may have led to the formation of a disordered network of NFC surrounding the lipid droplets, which may hinder the access of lipase and bile salts to the droplet surfaces [ 55 ]. Thirdly, NFC could bind to the calcium ion or bile salts, which can reduce the release of FFAs [ 49 ]. Therefore, NFC may have partially inhibited lipid digestion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin-Loaded Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Nanofibrillated Cellulose: Impact on Emulsion Characteristics, Digestion Behavior, and Bioaccessibility

et al. 2023

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Astaxanthin (AX) is one of the major bioactives that has been found to have strong antioxidant properties. However, AX tends to degrade due to its highly unsaturated structure. To overcome this problem, a Pickering O/W emulsion using nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as an emulsifier was investigated. NFC was used because it is renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic. The 10 wt% O/W emulsions with 0.05 wt% AX were prepared with different concentrations of NFC (0.3–0.7 wt%). After 30 days of storage, droplet size, ζ-potential values, viscosity, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and color were determined. The results show that more stable emulsions are formed with increasing NFC concentrations, which can be attributed to the formulation of the NFC network in the aqueous phase. Notably, the stability of the 0.7 wt% NFC-stabilized emulsion was high, indicating that NFC can improve the emulsion’s stability. Moreover, it was found that fat digestibility and AX bioaccessibility decreased with increasing NFC concentrations, which was due to the limitation of lipase accessibility. In contrast, the stability of AX increased with increasing NFC concentrations, which was due to the formation of an NFC layer that acted as a barrier and prevented the degradation of AX during in vitro digestion. Therefore, high concentrations of NFC are useful for functional foods delivering satiety instead of oil-soluble bioactives.

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Encapsulation of β-Carotene in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Containing Nanocellulose: Impact on Emulsion Properties, In Vitro Digestion, and Bioaccessibility

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Lipase-Responsive Lignin Composite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Insoluble Bioactives

Lipase-Responsive Lignin Composite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Insoluble Bioactives

Encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum with nanocellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite

Astaxanthin-Loaded Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Nanofibrillated Cellulose: Impact on Emulsion Characteristics, Digestion Behavior, and Bioaccessibility

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