Encephalitis: Studies on Experimental Transmission

Muckenfuss, Ralph S.; Armstrong, Charles; McCordock, Howard A.

doi:10.2307/4580968

Cited by 65 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Evidence that the virus of St. Louis encephalitis may multiply outside the central nervous system of mice, was supplied by Webster and Clow (5) for the spleen and by Lennette and Smith for the testicles (10). In human beings, the virus of St. Louis encephalitis has been recovered only from the brain; there is no record of tests on other tissues, although negative results have been reported for blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and nasal washings (11,12). Sulkin, Harford, and Bronfenbrenner (13), however, believed that nasopharyngeal washings from human cases might have contained some virus because some of their inoculated mice exhibited a certain amount of immunity.…”

Section: Virus 0~' St Louis Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplication and Spread of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Mice With Special Emphasis on Its Fate in the Alimentary Tract

Peck

Sabin

1947

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The present study was undertaken in an attempt to learn more about the fate of certain neurotropic viruses from the moment they are inoculated into known parts of the body until the time when the animal succumbs to the infection. Such information is needed for a better understanding not only of the pathogenesis of these infections but also of the significance of certain findings postmortem in naturally infected hosts. Recent studies in this laboratory, for example, have focused attention on the presence of virus ill the tissues of various levels of the alimentary tract in fatal cases of human poliomyelitis (1, 2), and certain experimental studies have been carried out with different strains of poliomyelitis virus in rhesus (3) and cynomolgus (2, 4) monkeys to aid in the proper interpretation of these findings. It is not yet feasible to utilize quantitative methods in such studies on experimental poliomyelitis with strains of recent human origin which are pathogenic only in monkeys, and it was believed that certain general, basic information might first be obtained with other viruses. Although we were especially interested to find out how other neurotropic viruses, entering the body by various routes, affected the alimentary tract, it was clear that for a proper interpretation of the results it was necessary to know what was happening to the virus in other parts of the body at the same time.The results recorded in this communication were obtained with the virus of St. Louis encephalitis given to young mice either directly into the circulation, into the brain, or into the nose and mouth by nasal instillation. Beginning 4 hours after inoculation and continuing daily thereafter until the animals succumbed to the infection, the dissemination and multiplication of the virus was determined quantitatively by titration of suspensions of almost all the available tissues in the body.Previous investigators have established that following nasal instillation in mice and occasionally also after intraperitoneal inoculation, the virus of St. Louis encephalitis invades the central nervous system along the olfactory pathway (5-7). Webster and Clow (5, 8) have recovered the virus from the blood as well as spleen of mice at various

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Section: Virus 0~' St Louis Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplication and Spread of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Mice With Special Emphasis on Its Fate in the Alimentary Tract

Peck

Sabin

1947

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…(Received for publication, July 1, 1935) Experiments on the probable virus nature of the encephalitis prevalent in St. Louis during the summer of 1933 have been reported b y Muckenfuss, Armstrong, and McCordock (1), and by Webster and Fite (2,3). The former workers obtained a virus by inoculating brain tissue from fatal cases into Macacus rhesus monkeys; the latter recovered a similar virus by inoculating the brain tissue into special mice.…”

Section: (From the Laboratories Of The Rockefeller Institute For Medimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on Encephalitis

Webster

Fite

Clow

et al. 1935

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. A protection test for measuring serological protective properties against the encephalitis (St. Louis type) virus is described. 2. Normal non-contact sera and sera from persons supposed to have had no exposure to the disease do not protect against the virus. 82.5 per cent of sera from tested St. Louis encephalitis convalescents and at least 66 per cent of sera from tested persons thought to have had the disease do show protective properties. 3. The protective activity of sera is maintained for at least 2½ years after onset of the disease. In vitro aging of serum decreases its activity. 4. Protection tests indicate that the virus was present as early as 1932 in Paris, Illinois, spread through the north central states and reached New York in 1933, and was again active in the north central states in 1934.

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“…Rift Valley fever virus was shown capable of infecting monkeys by a number of different inoculation routes (83). Muckenfuss et al (251) demonstrated the viral etiology of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) by producing the disease in monkeys. The virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) was recovered from monkeys as a result of studies with SLE (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Virology in Primates

Kalter

1974

Perspectives in Primate Biology

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Encephalitis: Studies on Experimental Transmission

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Multiplication and Spread of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Mice With Special Emphasis on Its Fate in the Alimentary Tract

Multiplication and Spread of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Mice With Special Emphasis on Its Fate in the Alimentary Tract

Experimental Studies on Encephalitis

Comparative Virology in Primates

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