Encephalomyelitis of Mice

Theiler, Max; Gard, Sven

doi:10.1084/jem.72.1.79

Cited by 77 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…I t is, furthermore, noteworthy that two of the stool specimens produced flaccid paralysis in the inoculated mice after incubation periods of 14 to 15 days and t h e results of further passage indicated that we were dealing with Theiler's virus. It would appear, therefore, that unlike Theiler's virus in mice (19,20) or poliomyelitis virus in monkeys (2, 4) and human beings (1, 2), the St. Louis virus can be present in high concentration in the walls of the intestinal tract of mice without being liberated in the stools.…”

Section: Blood and ~Risceramentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplication and Spread of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Mice With Special Emphasis on Its Fate in the Alimentary Tract

Peck

Sabin

1947

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to learn more about the fate of certain neurotropic viruses from the moment they are inoculated into known parts of the body until the time when the animal succumbs to the infection. Such information is needed for a better understanding not only of the pathogenesis of these infections but also of the significance of certain findings postmortem in naturally infected hosts. Recent studies in this laboratory, for example, have focused attention on the presence of virus ill the tissues of various levels of the alimentary tract in fatal cases of human poliomyelitis (1, 2), and certain experimental studies have been carried out with different strains of poliomyelitis virus in rhesus (3) and cynomolgus (2, 4) monkeys to aid in the proper interpretation of these findings. It is not yet feasible to utilize quantitative methods in such studies on experimental poliomyelitis with strains of recent human origin which are pathogenic only in monkeys, and it was believed that certain general, basic information might first be obtained with other viruses. Although we were especially interested to find out how other neurotropic viruses, entering the body by various routes, affected the alimentary tract, it was clear that for a proper interpretation of the results it was necessary to know what was happening to the virus in other parts of the body at the same time.The results recorded in this communication were obtained with the virus of St. Louis encephalitis given to young mice either directly into the circulation, into the brain, or into the nose and mouth by nasal instillation. Beginning 4 hours after inoculation and continuing daily thereafter until the animals succumbed to the infection, the dissemination and multiplication of the virus was determined quantitatively by titration of suspensions of almost all the available tissues in the body.Previous investigators have established that following nasal instillation in mice and occasionally also after intraperitoneal inoculation, the virus of St. Louis encephalitis invades the central nervous system along the olfactory pathway (5-7). Webster and Clow (5, 8) have recovered the virus from the blood as well as spleen of mice at various

show abstract

Section: Blood and ~Risceramentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplication and Spread of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis in Mice With Special Emphasis on Its Fate in the Alimentary Tract

Peck

Sabin

1947

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was therefore suggested that the resistance acquired with age in animals which had experienced no previous immunizing contact with the infectious agent is caused by the development and perfection of physiological barriers which serve to arrest centripetal progression of the virus from a peripheral point of injection. The virus of "spontaneous mouse encephalomyelitis" appears to be quite different in this respect since an increased resistance with age is demonstrable in mice irrespective of whether virus is introduced by the intracerebral or the intranasal route (9). This difference is probably due to the fact that the protective mechanism against Theiler's virus represents a specific form of latent immunity which is acquired by previous contact with the particular virus.…”

Section: Age Resistance Of Mice To Infection With Murine Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in Rodent Poliomyelitis

Jungeblut

Sanders

Feiner

1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. SK murine virus maintained over more than 200 serial mouse passages increased in virulence for mice from an initial intracerebral titer of about 1:1 million to a maximum titer of not less than 1:1 billion dilution activity. 2. Following intracerebral injection with murine virus of remote mouse passages, 5 of 13 rhesus monkeys developed a characteristic encephalitic syndrome. Repeated intravenous injection of massive doses of virus caused localized flaccid paralysis in 2 of 14 monkeys. 3. Intracerebral injection of graded doses of murine virus into mice of different age groups caused fatal paralysis in young and old animals alike. Infection with small doses of virus by peripheral routes, while uniformly fatal to young mice, was followed by survival of almost half of the old mice. 4. The incubation period of the disease in young mice infected intracerebrally with a standard dose of murine virus, when studied throughout the period of 1 year, was found considerably lengthened during the summer months. 5. Cross neutralization tests furnished no evidence for any serological relationship between SK murine virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Theiler's virus was found to be neutralizable by antimurine horse serum and, to a lesser extent, by concentrated antipoliomyelitis horse serum; however, such inactivation, in both cases, was distinctly inferior to that occurring with SK murine virus. On the other hand, no neutralization whatsoever was obtained between SK murine virus and normal adult mouse serum, whereas the same serum completely neutralized Theiler's virus. Mice surviving infection with Theiler's virus, though acquiring immunity to this virus, remained fully susceptible to reinfection with SK murine virus. 6. Neutralization tests with SK murine virus against poliomyelitis-convalescent monkey sera gave irregular results, but neutralization of murine virus occurred regularly with a hyperimmune antipoliomyelitis horse serum. Hyperimmune antimurine horse and rabbit sera, on the other hand, failed to inactivate three strains of monkey poliomyelitis virus (SK, RMV, Aycock) by intracerebral tests in monkeys. The same sera inactivated murine virus in mice by intraperitoneal, but not by intracerebral injection of virus-serum mixtures. 7. The identity of SK murine virus and its relation to other rodent strains of poliomyelitis virus is discussed on the basis of the available data.

show abstract

“…Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice (Theiler, 1937;Theiler and Gard, 1940). They are members of the family Picornaviridae and belong to the genus Cardiovirus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%