Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus-induced diabetes mellitus prevented byCorynebacterium parvum in mice

Kounoue, Etsushi; Nagafuchi, Seiho; Nakamura, Minoru; Nakano, Susumu; Koga, Tomohiro; Nakayama, M; Mituyama, M.; Niho, Yoshiyuki; Takaki, Ryosaburo

doi:10.1007/bf01940440

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Partial dysfunction of innate immunity due to this mutation could lead to an increased viral load [ 99 ]. Activating innate immunity with the administration of Corynebacterium parvum before EMCV infection can halt the onset of diabetes, demonstrating the importance of early antiviral action in preventing diabetes development [ 100 ]. Experiments with T cell or B cell-deficient mice have shown no protective or promoting effect on diabetes, but macrophage inactivation prior to viral infection prevents diabetes.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Enlightenment of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sano¹,

Imagawa²

2022

Biology

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Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a subtype of type 1 diabetes (T1D) that is characterized by the rapid progression to diabetic ketoacidosis against the background of rapid and almost complete pancreatic islet destruction. The HbA1c level at FT1D onset remains normal or slightly elevated despite marked hyperglycemia, reflecting the rapid clinical course of the disease, and is an important marker for diagnosis. FT1D often appears following flu-like symptoms, and there are many reports of its onset being linked to viral infections. In addition, disease-susceptibility genes have been identified in FT1D, suggesting the involvement of host factors in disease development. In most cases, islet-related autoantibodies are not detected, and histology of pancreatic tissue reveals macrophage and T cell infiltration of the islets in the early stages of FT1D, suggesting that islet destruction occurs via an immune response different from that occurring in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. From 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide and became a serious problem. Reports on the association between SARS-CoV-2 and T1D are mixed, with some suggesting an increase in T1D incidence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. When discussing the association between COVID-19 and T1D, it is also necessary to focus on FT1D. However, it is not easy to diagnose this subtype without understanding the concept. Therefore, authors hereby review the concept and the latest findings of FT1D, hoping that the association between COVID-19 and T1D will be adequately evaluated in the future.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Enlightenment of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sano¹,

Imagawa²

2022

Biology

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“…This virus can replicate rapidly in vitro with a replication time of approximately 8 h [83]. Some strains of inbred mice, such as SJL, SWR, and DBA/2, develop diabetes within 5 days after EMCV-D infection through the intraperitoneal route [21,84]. In this model, the viral dose affects the mechanisms of diabetes development.…”

Section: Emcv-induced Diabetes Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes

et al. 2020

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Enteroviruses, especially Coxsackie B viruses, are among the candidate environmental factors causative of type 1 diabetes. Host genetic factors have an impact on the development of virus-induced diabetes (VID). Host background, in terms of whether the host is prone to autoimmunity, should also be considered when analyzing the role of target genes in VID. In this review, we describe the genetic susceptibility of the host based on studies in humans and VID animal models. Understanding the host genetic factors should contribute not only to revealing the mechanisms of VID development, but also in taking measures to prevent VID.

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“…Kounoue et al 39 prevented the virus induced encephalomyocarditis of mice with a 3 to 14 tailored pretreatments of C. parvum ; this therapy prevented pancreas colonization by virus, causing insulae destruction and diabetes. Cohen et al 40 treated ectromelia virus‐infected mice with intraperitoneal C. parvum in comparison with mineral oil adjuvant injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long‐standing history ofCorynebacterium parvum, immunity, and viruses

Palmieri

Vadalà²,

Roncati

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenseless situation due to impending CoViD-19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact, no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequate C. parvum protocols.

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Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus-induced diabetes mellitus prevented byCorynebacterium parvum in mice

Abstract: Corynebacterium parvum prevented the development of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice, when it was given 3-14 days before the virus infection. This treatment inhibited virus replication in the pancreas of the infected mice at an early stage of the infection.

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Re-Enlightenment of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Re-Enlightenment of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes

The long‐standing history ofCorynebacterium parvum, immunity, and viruses

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