Enclave Urbanism In China: Consequences and Interpretations

Douglass, Mike; Wissink, Bart; Kempen, Ronald van

doi:10.2747/0272-3638.33.2.167

Cited by 91 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A comparable Chinese-European contrast is the rapidly increasing share of gated communities and other forms of "urban enclaves" in Chinese cities. "Enclave urbanism" (Douglass et al 2012) is not exclusively an elite phenomenon; there are also an increasing number of middle-class enclaves. Still, focusing on our specific labour market category of people working in creative industries, such urban enclaves are probably only affordable for senior staff and successful entrepreneurs, and not for starting creatives or junior staff.…”

Section: Do Creative Class and Creative City Theories Apply To Chinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maybe traffic infrastructure is all that keeps the pieces of Shenzhen together, and unfortunately these transport links are not only links but also barriers between the neighbourhoods. Enclave urbanism (Douglass et al 2012) is not unique to Shenzhen, and it has a long tradition in China going back to walled cities, courtyard housing and more recently the danwei (He 2013). However, Shenzhen is a quite extreme case, and its fragmentation is increased even further because it has much more urban villages than any other city in China (Hao 2012).…”

Section: Shenzhen's Residential Landscape: Attractive For Creatives?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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At Home in Shenzhen? Housing Opportunities and Housing Preferences of Creative Workers in a Wannabe Creative City

Bontje

2016

Creativity Studies

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Shenzhen grew fast as a city of industrial mass-production, but is transforming to an innovative and creative city. Shenzhen's policies to encourage the creative industries are mostly aimed at companies and entrepreneurs. To really become an attractive creative city, housing policies for creative talent should be added. This article reports on an interview-based analysis of the housing situation and residential preferences of creative workers in Shenzhen. While creatives with good salaries have no problems finding attractive homes and neighbourhoods in Shenzhen, there is a shortage of affordable neighbourhoods meeting the demands of recent graduates and starting creatives. Shenzhen's creative city strategy should take the socio-economic diversity of creative workers into account.

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Section: Do Creative Class and Creative City Theories Apply To Chinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shenzhen's Residential Landscape: Attractive For Creatives?mentioning

confidence: 99%

At Home in Shenzhen? Housing Opportunities and Housing Preferences of Creative Workers in a Wannabe Creative City

Bontje

2016

Creativity Studies

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“…The Chinese city mainly served an administrative role in the pre-reform era, but is now promoted by the central government as a key scale for national economic growth; this transition marks a crucial rescaling strategy of state power (Cartier, 2001;Chung, 2007;Douglass et al, 2012;Ma, 2004;Wu, 2002). As such, cities are left to themselves to attract investment for local development, creating a dynamic of intensified entrepreneurial competition to promote growth, with wide-ranging consequences for inter-and intraurban spatial restructuring (Lin and Yi, 2011;Wu, 2003Wu, , 2011.…”

Section: Governing Shenzhen With Gis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitizing the Dragon Head, Geo-Coding the Urban Landscape: GIS and the Transformation of China's Urban Governance

Lin

2013

Urban Geography

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While local governments have been one of the major user groups of GIS, there is still little research on how GIS development in local government might be intertwined with urban governance, particularly in non-Western contexts. Drawing upon insights from GIS implementation, critical GIS, and governmentality studies, this article seeks to bridge this gap by examining the implications of Chinese urban government GIS practices amidst China's changing urban governance. Through an in-depth case study of Shenzhen, this article analyzes how urban GIS has been transformed from a practice involving internal organizational workflow automation, into a more active dimension of the governance of urban spaces-reflected in the expanding practice of "geo-coding" the urban landscape. "Geo-coding" here refers to a broadly defined spatial practice of carving and reconstructing a rational urban space. GIS practices have constituted a particular form of geographic rationality that seeks to govern at a distance while simultaneously regulating the urban environment, intersecting with the broader transformations of China's urban governance. These GIS developments have been largely government-centric rather than citizencentric, yet they provide possibilities for new forms of spatial knowledge production for citizen participation in urban governance. [

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“…The terms excluded ghettos and exclusionary enclaves have been identified as new spatial developments in cities in the post-Fordist period (Marcuse, 1997). These two concepts first gained currency in North America and later in other parts of the world (Douglass et al, 2012). An excluded ghetto is "a spatially concentrated area where residents' activities are excluded from the economic life of the surrounding society" and "the confinement of their residents to the ghetto is desired by the dominant interests out of fear that their activities, not controlled, may endanger the dominant social peace" (Marcuse, 1997: 314).…”

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

From Excluded Ghettos to Exclusionary Enclaves: A Private Sector Initiative in Guangzhou, China

Chen¹,

Chan²,

He³

2013

LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs

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Massive migration is underway in rapidly urbanizing Guangzhou, the south gate of P. R. China. Over half the migrants choose to rent in "villages-in-the-city" in the downtown area because of the low-cost and prime location. The overpopulation and resulting poor environment and high crime-rate turn villages-in-the-city into de facto ghettos. As a result, these ghettos are undergoing a manner of demolition-development, leaving migrants' housing needs unmet. A private-sector initiative-the Tulou Commune-intends to address this considerable market potential. Targeting low-income groups, the Tulou Commune creates a socio-spatially exclusionary enclave. This paper analyzes the Tulou Commune and the implications if more low-income migrants shifting from village-in-the-city (excluded ghetto) to Tulou Commune (exclusionary enclave). This study argues that the intervention of the private sector causes the demographic, social, and spatial similarities and differences of the two living arrangements. Socioeconomic and institutional factors also affect the initiative. This study also provides more empirical evidence in the field of low-cost housing and socio-spatial development in transitional Chinese cities. As the first project of its kind, the analysis of the case can suggest how to improve strategies for accommodating migrants in the future.

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Enclave Urbanism In China: Consequences and Interpretations

Cited by 91 publications

References 35 publications

At Home in Shenzhen? Housing Opportunities and Housing Preferences of Creative Workers in a Wannabe Creative City

At Home in Shenzhen? Housing Opportunities and Housing Preferences of Creative Workers in a Wannabe Creative City

Digitizing the Dragon Head, Geo-Coding the Urban Landscape: GIS and the Transformation of China's Urban Governance

From Excluded Ghettos to Exclusionary Enclaves: A Private Sector Initiative in Guangzhou, China

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