Encoding strategy training and self-reported everyday prospective memory in people with Parkinson disease: a randomized-controlled trial

Abstract

Objective To compare the effects of laboratory-based training in implementation intentions (II; experimental strategy) and verbal rehearsal (VR; control strategy) on self-reported everyday prospective memory among people with Parkinson disease (PD) and to investigate potential correlates of change in self-reported everyday prospective memory in response to this training. Method This was a randomized-controlled trial. Participants with mild to moderate PD without dementia underwent one session of training in either II (n = 25) or VR (n = 27). Then they were instructed to use their strategy as much as possible in their everyday lives to help them remember to do things. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire Prospective Scale (PRMQ-Pro) administered at baseline and one month after training assessed training-related change in self-reported everyday prospective memory. Baseline depressive symptoms, perceptions of the strategy (credibility, expectancy), prospective memory-related awareness, global cognition, and disease severity were correlated to PRMQ-Pro Change scores (post minus pre) to determine their association with response to training. Results The VR group's PRMQ-Pro scores declined from pre to post training, while the II group's remained stable (p = .03). This effect was driven by change in self-cued everyday prospective memory tasks. Higher baseline depressive symptoms, treatment expectancy, and global cognition related to better response to training in the II group (rs ≤ -.40, ps ≤ .05). Conclusions II training may prevent everyday prospective memory decline among people with PD. In addition, people with higher depression, stronger expectations of improvement from strategy training, or better global cognition may benefit the most from II training.

Efficacy of Occupational Therapy Interventions on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…The mean and standard deviation age ranged from a minimum of 59.3 (11.3) years to a maximum of 74.1 (6.0) years. The types of OT provided can be categorized as occupational community therapy, [13][14][15] multidisciplinary approaches (OT, physiotherapy, and others treatments), 12,[16][17][18] cognitive enhancement, [19][20][21] OT with brain stimulation, 11 virtual reality interventions, 22 selfmanagement interventions (combination of OT, physiotherapy, and speech therapy), 23 and OT limited to upper limbs. 24,25 The most frequently used treatments were OT interventions used in combination with other rehabilitation strategies.…”

Memory, subjective memory and motor functioning in non-demented elders with and without Parkinson’s disease

“…One implication of these findings is that concomitant targeting of reduced motivation may be a more effective means of developing self-regulation of memory impairments in PD. Such an approach could be especially useful in those with depression (Goedeken, Potempa, Prager, & Foster, 2018) given that our findings confirmed that increased depressive symptomatology was associated with impairments of both objective and subjective memory (e.g., Dumas & Newhouse, 2015;Fastame, 2014). However, additional research in this area is needed since prior research indicates that apathy and depression are not correlated in PD (Pluck & Brown, 2002).…”

Intention framing in time-based prospective memory.

“…Literature on PM has usually not delved deeply into the strategies that participants employ, and this limited our understanding of how prospective remembering is accomplished. Moreover, strategies in prospective memory are considered mainly in reference to when or how frequently to monitor for the relevant environmental or time cues (e.g., Goedeken et al, 2018; Mäntylä et al, 2009; Reese-Melancon et al, 2019; Rummel & Meiser, 2013; Smith et al, 2017) and not in relation to when or how to set the next prospective intention (after the completion of the previous one).…”

“…1The focus on relatively simple PM tasks has probably limited also the investigation on the cognitive strategies used to carry out the task, although more recently the issue of strategies in PM has attracted some more interest (e.g., Goedeken et al, 2018; Mäntylä et al, 2009; Reese-Melancon et al, 2019; Rummel & Meiser, 2013). However, even in these cases, the focus is on monitoring strategies (i.e., when to monitor for cues) and not on intention-setting strategies (i.e., when and how to establish the upcoming intention), which are central in the present investigation.…”