Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Patrone, Vanessa; Kotwicki, Kellie

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous accounts of highly cognitive domains, such as temporal processing of stimulus, in ASD may also implicate links between the left vPMC and sensory hyper-responsiveness given reduced inhibitory cortical neuron activity (Poole et al, 2017;Ide et al, 2019). Our previous study elucidated that individuals with ASD who showed high resolution of tactile stimulus temporal order tended to have severer sensory hyperresponsiveness (Yaguchi et al, 2020). Functional MRI studies have demonstrated that multiple cortical regions are involved in temporal order judgment of multisensory stimuli, including the left vPMC, which likely plays a key role (Takahashi et al, 2013;Binder, 2015;Miyazaki et al, 2016;Ide et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

GABA Concentration in the Left Ventral Premotor Cortex Associates With Sensory Hyper-Responsiveness in Autism Spectrum Disorders Without Intellectual Disability

et al. 2020

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit abnormal processing of sensory inputs from multiple modalities and higher-order cognitive/behavioral response to those inputs. Several lines of evidence suggest that altered γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, is a central characteristic of the neurophysiology of ASD. The relationship between GABA in particular brain regions and atypical sensory processing in ASD is poorly understood. We therefore employed 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) to examine whether GABA levels in brain regions critical to higher-order motor and/or multiple sensory functions were associated with abnormal sensory responses in ASD. We evaluated atypical sensory processing with a clinically-validated assessment tool. Furthermore, we measured GABA levels in four regions: one each in the primary visual cortex, the left sensorimotor cortex, the left supplementary motor area (SMA), and the left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC). The latter two regions are thought to be involved in executing and coordinating cognitive and behavioral functions in response to multisensory inputs. We found severer sensory hyper-responsiveness in ASD relative to control participants. We also found reduced GABA concentrations in the left SMA but no differences in other regions of interest between ASD and control participants. A correlation analysis revealed a negative association between left vPMC GABA and the severity of sensory hyper-responsiveness across all participants, and the independent ASD group. These findings suggest that reduced inhibitory neurotransmission (reduced GABA) in a higher-order motor area, which modulates motor commands and integrates multiple sensory modalities, may underlie sensory hyper-responsiveness in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

GABA Concentration in the Left Ventral Premotor Cortex Associates With Sensory Hyper-Responsiveness in Autism Spectrum Disorders Without Intellectual Disability

et al. 2020

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“…A child should be able to map the flow of sound that reaches his ear and study it without a clear clue. The process of language mastery is a remarkable cognitive achievement in human life (Eigsti, 2017).…”

Section: Language and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach states that when a baby is born, the baby has no mastery over a particular language but has an innate ability to understand adult humans (Traxler, 2011). The constructionist approach provides a perspective on the influence of nonlinguistic learning abilities, such as the number of words or sounds received by babies (Eigsti, 2017). The connectionist approach refers to the computational model: all inputs from the environment will be processed into output, and humans will compare those results with the ideal results that should and take lessons from the gaps between them (Eigsti, 2017).…”

Section: Language and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language disorder as a marker for schizophrenia

Hartopo

Kalalo

2021

Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

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A language disorder is a significant symptom of schizophrenia. A psychiatrist can find this disorder when interviews with a patient. Screening and diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia alone rely heavily on interviews conducted on patients and any instructions captured from patients both verbally and nonverbally. A psychiatrist can also analyze the language aspects in schizophrenia from a language level perspective ranging from phonetic to pragmatic. This analysis paves the way for the process of interference detection since the prodromal phase. Language disorder in schizophrenia is often associated with impaired thinking processes. However, with the development of science and technology today, there is an objective and quantitative method of computational analysis of language through the Natural Language Processing process with a semantic space model that allows a psychiatrist to learn aspects of the human language process, especially in semantic and pragmatic aspects. The review provides a groundbreaking proposal for biomarkers for schizophrenia that have not been available so far through the assessment of language disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Objective and accurate detection of language disorders in schizophrenia can be a modality for psychiatrists to screen, make diagnoses, determine prognosis, evaluate therapies, and monitor recurrence using existing technology media.

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“…In Mexico, the estimated prevalence of autism is of 1 in 115, as calculated by the only prevalence study up-to-date (Fombonne et al, 2016). While there have been efforts to strengthen the country's capacity to increase autism awareness and address clinical needs, autism research occurs primarily in the country's capital, Mexico City, and a handful of tertiary referral centers (Lizardi & Salazar, 2018/2020. In their analysis to describe the bibliometric profile of the global scientific research on ASD, Sweileh and colleagues (2016) found that the whole region of Latin America produced only 12% of the published research on ASD between 2005 and 2014, whereas 65% came from three countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism research capacity building in Northern Mexico: Preliminary evaluation of an ongoing process

Liz¹

2023

Autism

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Research capacity building is a process by which individuals and organizations develop skills and infrastructure resulting in greater ability to conduct useful research. Frequently, research quality and productivity measures focus on outcomes, such as peer-reviewed publications or grants awarded. Such distal measures are not informative when measuring initial stages of research, a common situation in low- and middle-income countries. This study used Cooke’s six-principle framework to assess the progress of an autism research collaborative in northern Mexico. We established 64 criteria across the six principles and rated them as Not Started, In Progress, or Achieved, based on narratives and process documentation collected for this purpose. Ratings were established for the years 2018, 2020, and 2022, which correspond to Years 5, 7, and 9 since the beginning of the collaborative, respectively. As of 2022, Principles 2 and 3 (“Close to practice” and “Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships,” respectively) had all begun; no criteria were rated as Not started. The principles with the highest Achieved rates were “Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships” (90%), and “Infrastructure” (Principle 6, 70%). Cooke’s research capacity building framework is a useful way to monitor progress of research capacity building and contribute to harmonious development of relevant principles at different levels. Lay abstract To inform improvement of care and public policy, quality research is required. Conducting research projects requires skills and infrastructure. Research capacity building is the process by which individuals and organizations develop greater ability to conduct useful research. However, in the scientific community, research quality and productivity measures are often focused on long-term products, such as publications or grants awarded. Those measures are not helpful when measuring initial stages of research, a common situation in low- and middle-income countries. We used a six-principle framework designed by J. Cooke to assess the progress of an autism research collaborative in northern Mexico. We established 64 criteria across the six principles, and rated them as Not Started, In Progress, or Achieved, based on narratives and process documentation collected for this purpose. Ratings were established for the Years 2018, 2020, and 2022. The principles with the highest Achieved rates were “Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships” (90%), and “Infrastructure” (Principle 6, 70%). Cooke’s research capacity building framework is a useful way to monitor progress of research capacity building and contribute to harmonious development of relevant principles at different levels.

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Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

GABA Concentration in the Left Ventral Premotor Cortex Associates With Sensory Hyper-Responsiveness in Autism Spectrum Disorders Without Intellectual Disability

GABA Concentration in the Left Ventral Premotor Cortex Associates With Sensory Hyper-Responsiveness in Autism Spectrum Disorders Without Intellectual Disability

Language disorder as a marker for schizophrenia

Autism research capacity building in Northern Mexico: Preliminary evaluation of an ongoing process

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