End-of-life options for printed electronics

Keskinen, Marika

doi:10.1533/9780857096333.3.352

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Kunnari et al classified these benefits in terms of ecodesign (efficient use of materials), minimization of energy consumption both in the manufacturing and utilization phases, reduced use of hazardous substances, and improvement of recyclability [27]. For instance, use of recycled and/or biobased materials to reduce the use of raw/virgin materials as printed electronics substrates, and recovery of precious metals used as inks have been a long-term objective and already accomplished by the researchers in the field [28][29][30][31][32]. In addition, the metal inks have been under investigation for depletion of precious materials and ecological aspects (both in raw material mining and recycling) [33].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Printed Electronics: Fabrication Methods, Inks, Substrates, Applications and Environmental Impacts

Wiklund

Karakoç

Palko

et al. 2021

JMMP

157

175

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Innovations in industrial automation, information and communication technology (ICT), renewable energy as well as monitoring and sensing fields have been paving the way for smart devices, which can acquire and convey information to the Internet. Since there is an ever-increasing demand for large yet affordable production volumes for such devices, printed electronics has been attracting attention of both industry and academia. In order to understand the potential and future prospects of the printed electronics, the present paper summarizes the basic principles and conventional approaches while providing the recent progresses in the fabrication and material technologies, applications and environmental impacts.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Printed Electronics: Fabrication Methods, Inks, Substrates, Applications and Environmental Impacts

Wiklund

Karakoç

Palko

et al. 2021

JMMP

157

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are other production concerns related to printed electronics considered to be beyond the scope of this assessment, such as occupational health and safety risks from the fumes emitted during the handling and curing of inks in the printing process (Kunnari et al 2009, Keskinen 2012). These issues related to inks could be mitigated by using water or sustainable solvent in the ink media (Yang et al 2011, Larsen et al 2021, but quantifying the benefits of the same to the occupation health and safety of workers would not be possible within the scope of an LCA.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sustainability hotspots in the production of paper-based printed electronics

Sudheshwar

Beni

Malinverno

et al. 2023

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Novel printed electronics are projected to grow and be manufactured in the future in large volumes. In many applications, printed electronics are envisaged as sustainable alternatives to conventional (printed circuit board-based) electronics. One such application is in the semi-quantitative drug detection and point-of-care device called 'GREENSENSE' that uses paper-based printed electronics. This paper analyses the carbon footprint of GREENSENSE in order to identify and suggest means of mitigating disproportionately high environmental impacts, labelled 'sustainability hotspots', from materials and processes used during production which would be relevant in high-volume applications. Firstly, a life cycle model traces the flow of raw materials (such as paper, cellulose nanocrystals, and nanosilver) through the three 'umbrella' processes (circuit printing, component mounting, and biofunctionalization) manufacturing different electronic components (the substrate, conductive inks, energy sources, display, etc.) that are further assembled into GREENSENSE. Based on the life cycle model, life cycle inventories are modelled that map out the network of material and energy flow throughout the production of GREENSENSE. Finally, from the environmental impact and sustainability hotspot analysis, both crystalline nanocellulose and nanosilver were found to create material hotspots and they should be replaced in favor of lower-impact materials. Process hotspots are created by manual, lab-, and pilot-scale processes with unoptimized material consumption, energy use, and waste generation; automated and industrial-scale manufacturing can mitigate such process hotspots.

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“…As mentioned earlier, these methods are wasteful and require a high investment cost. The ongoing development of inkjet printing technology allows manufacturers and scientists to bypass these expensive traditional manufacturing methods, and as such, the field of printed electronics is benefitting from an increasing amount of resources and research [13][14][15]. There is some highly cited literature on printed electronics, such as works by Chen et al [16] discussing the fabrication of conductive tracks with inkjet printing technology, Kamyshny et al [17] documenting the use of metal-based inkjet inks for printed electronics, Huang et al [18] reviewing the materials, processes and application of flexible and stretchable electronics, Khan et al [19] studying the technologies for printing electronics over larger flexible substrates, and Gao et al [20] focusing on wearable electronics.…”

Section: Printed Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Electronics as Prepared by Inkjet Printing

2020

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Inkjet printing has been used to produce a range of printed electronic devices, such as solar panels, sensors, and transistors. This article discusses inkjet printing and its employment in the field of printed electronics. First, printing as a field is introduced before focusing on inkjet printing. The materials that can be employed as inks are then introduced, leading to an overview of wetting, which explains the influences that determine print morphology. The article considers how the printing parameters can affect device performance and how one can account for these influences. The article concludes with a discussion on adhesion. The aim is to illustrate that the factors chosen in the fabrication process, such as dot spacing and sintering conditions, will influence the performance of the device.

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End-of-life options for printed electronics

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

A Review on Printed Electronics: Fabrication Methods, Inks, Substrates, Applications and Environmental Impacts

A Review on Printed Electronics: Fabrication Methods, Inks, Substrates, Applications and Environmental Impacts

Assessing sustainability hotspots in the production of paper-based printed electronics

Printed Electronics as Prepared by Inkjet Printing

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