End-Permian marine extinction due to temperature-driven nutrient recycling and euxinia

Hülse, Dominik; Lau, Kimberly V.; Velde, Sebastiaan van de; Arndt, Sandra; Meyer, Katja; Ridgwell, Andy

doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00829-7

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…This combination of elevated respiration and low O 2 solubility may thus have played important roles in triggering and sustaining ocean deoxygenation during OAE1a. Furthermore, as ocean warming is commonly associated with OAEs, this combination of effects may play a more general role in deoxygenation and the emergence of anoxia across multiple events (Hülse et al, 2021), but likely in association with fundamentally different biogeochemical landscapes in which, for example, high productivity in the ocean surface can be supported through effective nutrient (phosphorous) recycling under euxinic conditions. We also acknowledge it is possible that elevated ocean temperatures may have resulted in b ‐values even higher than those observed in modern oceans during warm intervals and/or hyperthermal events in the geologic past, prompting the need for additional studies that aim to further calibrate the response of marine microbial metabolism to elevated temperature.…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon pump dynamics and limited organic carbon burial during OAE1a

et al. 2022

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The oxygen content of seawater regulates the nature, activity and diversity of life in the oceans, which are thought to have been mostly well-oxygenated across the last 400 million years of Earth's history (Kump, 2008). Important exceptions include Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs), which occurred intermittently throughout the Phanerozoic Eon and are characterized by expanded ocean anoxia linked to severe perturbations in biogeochemical cycles, major climate anomalies, and biological crises (Erba et al., 2010;Jenkyns, 2010;Robinson et al., 2017). A hallmark of Cretaceous Period OAEs is the widespread deposition of OC-rich (typically >2 wt%) marine sediment over long timescales (>100 kyrs) (Arthur et al., 1990;Schlanger & Jenkyns, 1976). Such OC-rich deposits are conspicuous in the geologic record and are widely accepted to represent intervals of high OC burial.

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Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon pump dynamics and limited organic carbon burial during OAE1a

et al. 2022

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“…This 500,000-year-long burial event, representing an excess organic carbon burial of ~3 x 10 18 mol C (132,000 Pg CO 2 ), drove a global carbon-isotope excursion in the residual marine DIC pool and is thought to have been so effective at reducing atmospheric CO 2 that it caused the Plenus cold event (Jarvis et al, 2011;Owens et al, 2016;Kuhnt et al, 2017). In marginal marine environments during OAE-2, local organic carbon accumulation rates of up to 2.15 g cm -2 kyr -1 were nearly 100x higher than modern averages for similar environments (Raven et al, 2019;Hülse et al, 2021).…”

Section: Organic Carbon Sequestration In Oxic and Anoxic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biomass Storage in Anoxic Marine Basins: Initial estimates of geochemical impacts and CO2 sequestration capacity

Raven

Crotteau

Evans

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In combination with dramatic and immediate CO2 emissions reductions, net-negative atmospheric CO2 removal (CDR) is necessary to maintain average global temperature increases below 2.0 °C. Many proposed CDR pathways involve the placement of vast quantities of organic carbon (biomass) on the seafloor in some form, but little is known about their potential biogeochemical impacts, especially at scales relevant for global climate. Here, we evaluate the potential impacts and durability of organic carbon storage specifically within deep anoxic basins, where organic matter is remineralized through anaerobic processes that may enhance its storage efficiency. We present simple biogeochemical and mixing models to quantify the scale of potential impacts of large-scale organic matter addition to the abyssal seafloor in the Black Sea, Cariaco Basin, and the hypersaline Orca Basin. These calculations reveal that the Black Sea in particular may have the potential to accept biomass storage at climatically-relevant scales with moderate changes to the geochemical state of abyssal water and limited communication of that impact to surface water. Many key unknowns remain, including the partitioning of breakdown among sulfate-reducing and methanogenic metabolisms and the fate of methane in the environment, which can be monitored in part via changes in alkalinity, DIC, and pH. Given the urgency of responsible CDR development and the potential for anoxic basins to reduce ecological risks to animal communities, efforts to address knowledge gaps related to microbial kinetics, benthic processes, and physical mixing in these systems are critically needed.

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“…7 The destructive capability of toxic H 2 S levels is underscored by its role in the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 250 million years ago. 8,9 Although structurally it looks very different from clinically used VA, such as Desflurane (CHF 2 OCHFCF 3 ) with a MAC of 0.061 atm, it has been shown that H 2 S is a very potent VA with a MAC of ~0.00073 atm. 10 At very low levels it is also an important cellular endogenous gaseous signaling compound.…”

Section: Introduction (Pg 1 -4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Anesthetics and O2 Activate TASK-1/3 by Weak H-Bonding with X-Gate Uncharged Arg-245: The Major Molecular Mechanism for Carotid Body Hypoxic Sensitivity and Further Insights into Fighter Pilot +Gz-Induced LOC

DUNCAN¹

2023

Preprint

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Hypoxic conditions are rapidly sensed by the carotid body initiating the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) pathways. TASK-1/3 K+ channels are responsible for this and a decrease in PO2 causes them to rapidly close, depolarizing the cell and initiating synaptic transmission. Adequate O2 pressures and Volatile Anesthetics (VA) activate these channels preventing the HVR. After years of research, the precise molecular mechanisms for hypoxic effects are still poorly understood. The exact VA binding site and mechanism of action is also unknown. Here it is shown, with the use of molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), that O2 and VA weakly H-bond to an uncharged Arginine guanidinium group (Arg-245) within the X-gate, breaking other H-bonds and forming δ-charges in the hydrophobic region which opens the pore allowing K+ to flow out. The current flow for a number of channel activators, including VA and O2, is highly correlated with H-bond strength and resulting δ-charge magnitude (R2 = 0.998). The sequence of molecular changes is explored in detail explaining the significance of current outflow "flickering" from open to closed. O2 modulates these channels directly.The role of H2S in this and other related systems is explored. VA and O2 share a number of mutual sites of action, shedding additional light on jet fighter pilot rapid +Gz loss-of-consciousness and subsequent convulsive episodes - also poorly understood after years of research.

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End-Permian marine extinction due to temperature-driven nutrient recycling and euxinia

Cited by 31 publications

References 94 publications

Carbon pump dynamics and limited organic carbon burial during OAE1a

Carbon pump dynamics and limited organic carbon burial during OAE1a

Biomass Storage in Anoxic Marine Basins: Initial estimates of geochemical impacts and CO2 sequestration capacity

Volatile Anesthetics and O2 Activate TASK-1/3 by Weak H-Bonding with X-Gate Uncharged Arg-245: The Major Molecular Mechanism for Carotid Body Hypoxic Sensitivity and Further Insights into Fighter Pilot +Gz-Induced LOC

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