End-range Maitland mobilization decreasing pain sensitivity in knee osteoarthritis: randomized, controlled clinical trial

Pragmatism in manual therapy trials for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review

“…A higher percentage of trials had a greater emphasis on efficacy within all four domains: participant characteristics (75.0%; n = 27) ( 13 , 34 - 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 - 50 , 52 - 55 , 57 - 62 , 64 , 65 ), trial setting (77.8%; n = 28) ( 13 , 14 , 32 - 36 , 40 , 43 - 49 , 51 - 55 , 57 - 60 , 62 - 65 ), flexibility of intervention (58.3%; n = 21) ( 33 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 - 48 , 50 - 52 , 54 , 55 , 58 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 ), and clinical relevance of experimental and comparison intervention (47.2%; n = 17) ( 14 , 34 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 61 , 62 , 64 ). In addition, when the RITES scores for all four domains of each trial were averaged, 29 trials were more oriented toward efficacy (mean [SD] of 2.2 [0.4] and range 1 to 3) ( 13 , 14 , 34 -…”

“…For the participant characteristics domain, 27 trials (75.0%) had scores that emphasized efficacy ( 13 , 34 - 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 - 50 , 52 - 55 , 57 - 62 , 64 ), five trials (13.9%) emphasized effectiveness ( 32 , 33 , 47 , 51 , 63 ), and four trials (11.1%) had a balanced emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness ( 14 , 43 , 46 , 56 ). In the trial setting domain, 28 trials (77.8%) had scores that emphasized efficacy ( 13 , 14 , 32 - 36 , 40 , 43 - 49 , 51 - 55 , 57 - 60 , 62 - 65 ), six trials (16.7%) emphasized effectiveness ( 37 - 39 , 41 , 42 , 61 ), and two trials (5.5%) had a balanced emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness ( 50 , 56 ). The flexibility of intervention(s) domain had 21 trials (58.3%) that emphasized efficacy ( 33 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 - 48 , 50 - 52 , 54 , 55 , 58 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 ), nine trials (25.0%) emphasizing effectiveness ( 13 , 14 ,…”

“…In the trial setting domain, 28 trials (77.8%) had scores that emphasized efficacy ( 13 , 14 , 32 - 36 , 40 , 43 - 49 , 51 - 55 , 57 - 60 , 62 - 65 ), six trials (16.7%) emphasized effectiveness ( 37 - 39 , 41 , 42 , 61 ), and two trials (5.5%) had a balanced emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness ( 50 , 56 ). The flexibility of intervention(s) domain had 21 trials (58.3%) that emphasized efficacy ( 33 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 - 48 , 50 - 52 , 54 , 55 , 58 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 ), nine trials (25.0%) emphasizing effectiveness ( 13 , 14 , 32 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 56 , 57 ), and six trials (16.7%) that exhibited a balanced emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness ( 45 , 49 , 53 , 59 , 61 , 64 ). Finally, the clinical relevance of experimental and comparison intervention(s) domain had 17 trials (47.2%) that emphasized efficacy ( 14 , 34 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 47 , 48 , …”

“…The flexibility of intervention(s) domain had 21 trials (58.3%) that emphasized efficacy ( 33 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 - 48 , 50 - 52 , 54 , 55 , 58 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 ), nine trials (25.0%) emphasizing effectiveness ( 13 , 14 , 32 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 56 , 57 ), and six trials (16.7%) that exhibited a balanced emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness ( 45 , 49 , 53 , 59 , 61 , 64 ). Finally, the clinical relevance of experimental and comparison intervention(s) domain had 17 trials (47.2%) that emphasized efficacy ( 14 , 34 - 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 61 , 62 , 64 ), 13 trials (36.1%) emphasized effectiveness ( 13 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 49 , 56 , 60 , 63 , 65 ), and six trials (16.7%) had a balanced emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness ( 39 …”

Visualizing the randomized sham-controlled trial in orthopedic research: proposed steps to conducting a total knee arthroplasty randomized controlled trial

“…In the case of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic fractures, the injection of polyacrylamide cement was no better than a sham intervention in two randomized trials [4,5]. In orthopedic medicine, there are a number of widely performed interventions that have failed to show superiority over a sham procedure [6][7][8].…”