End-to-End Time-Sensitive Optical Networking: Challenges and Solutions

Virtual Network Embedding with Path-based Latency Guarantees in Elastic Optical Networks

“…Latency Considerations in Optical Networks Several research papers and industry white papers have identified different sources of latency in an optical network [2], [43]- [46]. Accordingly, latency in optical networks stems from various technology domains such as physical layer operations [43], components inside an optical switching element [44], and transport layer processing [2], [45], [46]. These studies were helpful to us in determining which latency components should be considered while modeling the latency-constrained VNE problem for EON, and which could be omited to keep model complexity at a reasonable level.…”

“…In OTN, a mapper/demapper converts higher layer signal(s) to OTN frame(s) and vice versa. Research literature on the subject reports that the processing delay at FlexE shim or OTN mapper/demapper is negligible compared to other delay along the fibers [45], [46]. Furthermore, OTN is a deterministic transport technology, eliminating queuing delay due to congestion at the nodes.…”

“…Furthermore, OTN is a deterministic transport technology, eliminating queuing delay due to congestion at the nodes. Similarly, FlexE nodes can be scheduled with static resource allocation, thereby avoiding any congestion altogether [46]. Therefore, we ignore the latency incurred by OTN/FlexE nodes in our model.…”

“…A stronger FEC increases system margin for a given Bit Error Rate (BER) and optical signal power, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, enabling longer optical reaches. FEC encoder/decoder modules introduce a processing delay L f ec of ≈10 µs for standard FECs [46]. However, processing delay for super FECs with increased correction ability can go up to 150 µs [44].…”

Supporting Time-Sensitive and Best-Effort Traffic on a Common Metro Infrastructure

“…Although the initial goal of both working groups has been focused on closed environments, interest to extend their scope to provide end-to-end solutions is increasing and some works can be found with case studies that include the application of TSN to Industry 4.0 and 5G fronthaul (see, e.g., [5], [6]). End-to-end TSN services entail the support of operators' transport networks that are currently carrying traffic from users, business, and datacenter, just to mention a few on a Best Effort (BE) basis; such traffic is commonly encapsulated Manuscript received February 6, 2020.…”