Endangered Species, Ecosystem Integrity, and Human Livelihoods

Aburto‐Oropeza, Octavio; López-Sagástegui, Catalina; Moreno-Báez, Marcia; Mascareñas‐Osorio, Ismael; Jiménez-Esquivel, Victoria; Johnson, Andrew F.; Erisman, Brad

doi:10.1111/conl.12358

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Unilaterally forcing fishermen to not use gillnets without taking into account stakeholder needs is not working [25]. Nor is it a solution for the many social problems of the UGC and GSC fishery communities, with a lack of many of the basic public services and infrastructure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons for Sustainable Development: Marine Mammal Conservation Policies and Its Social and Economic Effects

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The objective of this research is to assess the main social and economic effects on local fishermen in El Golfo de Santa Clara, as a result of the severe fishing restrictions enforced to protect the marine mammal "vaquita" (Phocoena sinus). Sustainable development includes natural resources conservation and the improvement of the social and economic conditions of local inhabitants. In Mexico, the vaquita is in imminent danger of extinction. It is a marine cetacean endemic to the Upper Gulf of California. Conservation measures to save this species, such as gear-switching and transformation subsidies from fishing activities to tourist services, have caused severe social and economic impacts on the local fishermen of this region. Presently, it is estimated that there are only 30 vaquita individuals left in the wild, and none are in captivity. In this study, we conduct surveys of the human local population involved in the incidental bycatch fishing of the vaquita, and also use secondary sources to come up with recommendations, based on taking into account stakeholder needs. For this fishing community the economic and social problems have worsened because currently there are limited economic activity options in the area for the human population, and the vaquita population continues to decline. Recommendations are offered to contribute to the ecological sustainability of this species, and for economic and social sustainability of local fishermen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons for Sustainable Development: Marine Mammal Conservation Policies and Its Social and Economic Effects

et al. 2018

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“…The corvina is endemic to the Northern Gulf of California, reproduces within an area that represents less than 1% of its species range, and faces imminent risk of a fishery and species collapse due to overfishing of its spawning aggregation and regulations that allow overfishing to persist [12,13]. A regional ban on commercial gill nets was recently implemented to protect two other endemic and endangered species, the vaquita porpoise (Phoceona sinus) and the Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), but allows gill net fishing for corvina during spawning to continue [34]. Ironically, while sound has long been used to exploit corvina, sound production is highly correlated with fish abundance and can be used as a practical tool to estimate the population size, monitor the spawning population and set sustainable harvest limits [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation

Erisman

Rowell

2017

Biol. Lett.

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Group choruses of marine animals can produce extraordinarily loud sounds that markedly elevate levels of the ambient soundscape. We investigated sound production in the Gulf corvina (), a soniferous marine fish with a unique reproductive behaviour threatened by overfishing, to compare with sounds produced by other marine animals. We coupled echosounder and hydrophone surveys to estimate the magnitude of the aggregation and sounds produced during spawning. We characterized individual calls and documented changes in the soundscape generated by the presence of as many as 1.5 million corvina within a spawning aggregation spanning distances up to 27 km. We show that calls by male corvina represent the loudest sounds recorded in a marine fish, and the spatio-temporal magnitude of their collective choruses are among the loudest animal sounds recorded in aquatic environments. While this wildlife spectacle is at great risk of disappearing due to overfishing, regional conservation efforts are focused on other endangered marine animals.

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“…Thus, sensitivities to local communities, their cultures, and their socio-economic issues are essential to consider at the start of any conservation effort. Overlooking these critical details can also exacerbate the extinction risk of imperiled species, as has been the case for the critically endangered vaquita, Phocoena sinus, of Mexico (Aburto-Oropeza et al, 2017).…”

Section: Strengthen and Diversify Stakeholder Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping With Constraints: Achieving Effective Conservation With Limited Resources

Walls

2018

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Conservation resources have become increasingly limited and, along with social, cultural and political complexities, this shortfall frequently challenges effectiveness in conservation. Because conservation can be costly, efforts are often only initiated after a species has declined below a critical threshold and/or when statutory protection is mandated. However, implementing conservation proactively, rather than reactively, is predicted to be less costly and to decrease a species' risk of extinction. Despite these benefits, I document that the number of studies that have implemented proactive conservation around the world are far fewer than those that simply acknowledge the need for such action. I provide examples of proactive actions that can ameliorate shortfalls in funding and other assets, thus helping conservation practitioners and managers cope with the constraints that resource limitation imposes. Not all of these options are new; however, the timing of their implementation is critical for effective conservation, and the need for more proactive conservation is increasingly recognized. These actions are (1) strengthening and diversifying stakeholder involvement in conservation projects; (2) complementing time-consuming and labor-intensive demographic studies with alternative approaches of detecting declines and estimating extinction risk; and (3) minimizing future costly conservation and management by proactively keeping common species common. These approaches may not constitute a cure-all for every conservation crisis. However, given escalating rates of species' losses, perhaps a reminder that these proactive actions can reduce conservation costs, save time, and potentially thwart population declines is warranted.

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Endangered Species, Ecosystem Integrity, and Human Livelihoods

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Lessons for Sustainable Development: Marine Mammal Conservation Policies and Its Social and Economic Effects

Lessons for Sustainable Development: Marine Mammal Conservation Policies and Its Social and Economic Effects

A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation

Coping With Constraints: Achieving Effective Conservation With Limited Resources

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