Endemic and Soilborne Nature of<i>Erwinia carotovora</i>var.<i>atroseptica,</i>a Pathogen of Mature Sugar Beets

Mendonça, Maria Sílvia de Mendonça de; Stanghellini, M. E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-69-1096

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Strains S/N 103 and S/N 104 were received as type strains of Enterobacter agglomerans and Erwinia herbicola, respectively, and are identified as such throughout this paper even though both of these organisms have recently been classified as Puntoea agglomerans strains (18). The 14 strains isolated from cultivated crops in Arizona included five subcultures (S/N 126 through S/N 129 and S/N 133) of strains used in studies by Stone (31) and one subculture (S/N 123) tested by de MendonCa and Stanghellini (11). Except as noted below, the data given are from tests conducted in 1988 and 1989 on strains collected between 1958 and 1989 ( Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and Pathogenicity of Erwinia cacticida sp. nov.

Alcorn

Orum

Steigerwalt

et al. 1991

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 108 pectolytic, soft-rotting Erwinia strains were collected from 11 types of cacti growing in Arizona, Texas, northern Mexico, and Australia between 1958 and. Four strains were collected from soils beneath or close to naturally rotting saguaro cacti. Collectively, these strains caused soft rots of saguaro, organ pipe, and senita cacti, Opuntia (cactus) fruits and pads, tomato fruits, and potato slices, but only occasionally caused soft rots of slices of carrot roots. A numerical cluster analysis showed that 98 of the 112 strains formed a uniform group (cluster 1A) that was distinguished from other pectolytic erwinias by an API 20E code of 1205131, by negative reactions in API 5OCHE tests for L-arabinose, myo-inositol, D-cellobiose, melibiose, and D-raffinose, and, in supplemental tests, by positive reactions for malonate and growth at 43°C. The average levels of DNA relatedness of 22 cluster 1A strains to the proposed type strain (strain 1-12) as determined by the hydroxyapatite method were 88% in 60°C reactions (with 1% divergence within related sequences) and 87% in 75°C reactions. The levels of relatedness to the type strains of other Erwinia spp. were 138% in 75°C reactions. Cluster 1A strains also had a characteristic cellular fatty acid profile containing cyclo-( 11,12)-nonadecanoic acid (C19:o cycle cll-lz) and missing tridecanoic acid (CI3J, heptadecanoic acid (C1,:o), and cis-9-heptadecenoic acid (Cl,:l g ) , which separated them from other pectolytic erwinias. Collectively, these data indicate that the members of cluster 1A are members of a new species, which we name Erwinia cacticida. Three cactus strains in cluster 1B appear to represent a second new species that is closely related to E. cacticida; these strains are designated E . cacticida-like pending the availability of additional strains for testing. The remaining cactus strains (in cluster 4) have the physiological, DNA, and fatty acid profiles of Erwinia carotovora.To our knowledge, Johnston and Hitchcock (22) were the first workers to describe a bacterial soft-rot disease of cacti in the United States. The cultures of these authors were isolated from prickly pear cacti (Opuntia tomentella Berger and OpuntiaJicus-indica (L.) Mill.) that were originally from Guatemala and Columbia but were growing in the U.S. Department of Agriculture plant introduction garden in Florida. The bacterium was briefly characterized as "an actively motile, gram-negative, aerobic, and facultative anaerobic bacillus" which produced an acid reaction when it was grown in broth containing "glucose, saccharose, mannite, and salicin but none in maltose, lactose, dulcite, and arabinose" (22). Subsequently, another new bacterial species, Erwinia carnegieana Standring 1942 (23), was described (3, 6, 23, 28) as being the causal agent of bacterial necrosis (a soft-rot disease) of saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea Britt. & Rose). Among the soft-rot erwinias, this species was unique in that it was gram positive, a characteristic also noted by Boyle (6), and had a host ...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and Pathogenicity of Erwinia cacticida sp. nov.

Alcorn

Orum

Steigerwalt

et al. 1991

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Selection for rhizobacteria that are specifically detrimental to weed seedling growth could benefit agriculture by contributing to increased crop yields, by minimizing weed competition, and by reducing the use of chemical herbicides. The presence of soil-borne phytopathogens or rhizobacteria resembling DRB on weed plants has been surveyed (2,22,23,27); however, the potential of these bacteria as biotic agents for weed control was not investigated. There have been only two reports suggesting the use of DRB as a weed management strategy; a preliminary report involving dicotyledonous weeds (17) and a study specifically addressing DRB effects on the grass downy brome occurring in winter wheat fields (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Weed Seedlings

Kremer

Begonia

Stanley

et al. 1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhizobacteria were isolated from seedlings of seven economically important weeds and characterized for potential phytopathogenicity, effects on seedling growth, and antibiosis to assess the possibility of developing deleterious rhizobacteria as biological control agents. The abundance and composition of rhizobacteria varied among the different weed species. For example, fluorescent pseudomonads represented from 11 to 42% of the total rhizobacterial populations from jimsonweed and lambsquarters, respectively. Other bacteria frequently isolated were nonfluorescent pseudomonads, Erwinia herbicola, Alcaligenes spp., and Flavobacterium spp. Only 18% of all isolates were potentially phytopathogenic, based on an Escherichia coli indicator bioassay. However, the proportion of isolates that inhibited growth in seedling assays ranged from 35 to 65% depending on the weed host. Antibiosis was most prevalent among isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., the activity of which was due to siderophore production in over 75% of these isolates. Overall, rhizobacterial isolates exhibited a complex array of properties that were inconsistent with accepted definitions for plant growth-promoting and deleterious rhizobacteria. It is suggested that for development of effective biological control agents for weed control, deleterious rhizobacteria must be screened directly on host seedlings and must possess several properties including high colonizing ability, specific phytotoxin production, and resistance or tolerance to antibiotics produced by other rhizosphere microorganisms, and they must either synthesize or utilize other bacterial siderophores.

show abstract

“…Erwinias are apparently adapted to grow in nutrient rich plant tissues and they are unable to adapt their endogenous metabolism to allow them to compete successfully with other soil microorganisms in a relatively nutrient poor soil environment especially at high temperatures. However, they could survive in the microbiologically poor sub-arable soil layer as de Mendon~a and Stanghellini (1979) and Gudmestad and Secor (1983) found in the USA. Moreover, the presence of large numbers of erwinias in underground drain water from apparently erwinia-free fields several years since last under potatoes in Scotland tends to support this view .…”

Section: Epidemioiogymentioning

confidence: 93%

Potato blackleg: Epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction and control

Pérombelon¹

1992

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blackleg is caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp, atroseptica (Eca) and E. chrysanthemi (Echr) in cool and hot climates respectively. The bacteria are opportunistic pathogens and rely on their strong pectolytic character to infect plants when conditions favor their multiplication. Blackleg is a seedborne disease and the bacteria can survive in a quiescent form in lenticels and wounds during storage. The contaminated mother tuber and not the blackleg plant is the main source of progeny tuber contamination. Other sources of the pathogen are airborne (insects and aerosols) erwinias deposited on leaves and from there to the soil and progeny tubers, and erwinias in rotting tubers smeared into wounds incurred during mechanical crop handling.Most seed tubers are contaminated but blackleg incidence is related to seed contamination level modulated by soil water status. Competitiveness of the erwinias in the rotting mother tuber is affected by temperature, Eca is favored at <25 ~ and Echr at higher temperatures. The ubiquitous E. carotovora subsp, carotovora apparently fails to compete successfully with the other erwinias and saprophytic pectolytic bacteria in mother tubers and therefore does not cause blackleg.Disease control measures are based on avoiding tuber contamination by cultural means (early harvesting), reducing tuber contamination level (dry storage and hot water treatment) and planting 'clean' seed identified by quantifying tuber contamination rather than by visual crop inspection. Finally, recently identified highly resistant, even under anaerobic conditions, wild Solanum spp. could be used to breed for resistant cultivars by conventional methods or by genetic engineering.

show abstract

Endemic and Soilborne Nature ofErwinia carotovoravar.atroseptica,a Pathogen of Mature Sugar Beets

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Taxonomy and Pathogenicity of Erwinia cacticida sp. nov.

Taxonomy and Pathogenicity of Erwinia cacticida sp. nov.

Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Weed Seedlings

Potato blackleg: Epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction and control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About