In the present article, we provided grid distribution maps of vascular plants in Mongolia based on a 40 40 km 2 grid cell size. We selected 40 native vascular plant species, belonging to 31 genera and 17 families, which are listed as rare or threatened in Mongolia. With the exception of a few species, the majority of species are also distributed in other Asian countries, including the Asian parts of Russia. Moreover, our focus species are collected as herbarium specimens, and were photographed in their natural habitats during our fi eld surveys. Global and regional distributions, natural habitat, and conservation status of each species are provided in detail.