Endemic goitre in Greece: a study of 379 twin pairs.

Malamos, B.; Koutras, Demetrios A.; Kostamis, P.; Rigopoulos, G. A.; Zerefos, N.; Yataganas, Xenophon

doi:10.1136/jmg.4.1.16

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…4 Indeed the earliest description of goiter was reported in Shaanxi province in 2700 BC by Emperor Sheng Nung who recommended treatment with seaweed. 25 Perhaps 350 million individuals are currently at risk in China. 26 This raises the intriguing possibility that the increased risk of endemic cretinism/FIDD in ⑀4 carriers confers a reproductive disadvantage, so that in iodine-deficient regions, over the course of history, ⑀4 is selected against.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E is a genetic risk factor for fetal iodine deficiency disorder in China

et al. 2000

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Fetal iodine deficiency disorder (FIDD) is the principal form of endemic cretinism, and the most common cause of preventable mental deficiency in the world. However not everyone at risk develops FIDD and familial aggregation is common. This suggests that genetic factors may also be involved. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene encodes for a lipoprotein that possesses a thyroid hormone binding domain, and APOE genotype may affect the efficiency with which thyroid hormone influences neuronal cell growth during the first and second trimesters of fetal development. We have compared ApoE genotypes in 91 FIDD cases with 154 local control subjects, recruited from three iodine deficiency areas in central China. We have also genotyped 42 FIDD family cases and 158 normal individuals from the families of local controls, and 375 population controls from Shanghai. APOE ⑀4 genotypes were significantly enriched in FIDD probands from each of the three iodine deficiency areas; the ⑀4 allele frequency was 16% vs 6% in controls. The same effect was also observed when we compared FIDD family cases with controls and control families. Our data suggest that in iodine-deficient areas, the APOE ⑀4 allele is a genetic risk factor for FIDD. The phenomenon may affect population selection and contribute to the low frequency of the ⑀4 allele in Chinese compared to Caucasian populations. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 363-368.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E is a genetic risk factor for fetal iodine deficiency disorder in China

et al. 2000

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“…3,11 Apart from the possibility of inadequate iodine intake due to poor iodine content of consumed salt, a complex interplay of several factors-genetic, naturally occurring goitrogens and autoimmunity-has been speculated to be responsible for the residual goiter prevalence. [12][13][14][15] Results of a study conducted in various parts of India recently document adequate urinary iodine. This rules out the possibility of iodine deficiency as an important etiologic factor in residual goiter in Indian children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic Characterization of Postiodization Residual Goiter in Schoolchildren by Fine Needle Biopsy

Karak

Marwaha²,

Tandon³

et al. 2003

Acta Cytologica

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“…In general, goiters and other forms of thyroid disease are far more frequent among women than among men, independent of ethnic background or region (Malamos et al, 1967). We found a female predeliction for goiters in the Lese, among whom women were twice as often affected as men (59.9% for females, 28.8% for males).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Malamos et al (1967) documented a higher concordance for goiter between monozygotic twins than between dizygotic twins in a n iodine-deficient region of Greece. In addition, Roche (1959) found a low incidence of goiter among an isolated group of Venezualan Indians of the Maquiritares and Guaharibos tribes, despite the group's iodine deficiency, documented by high P 3 1 uptake measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Anomalously low endemic goiter prevalence among Efe pygmies

Dormitzer

Ellison

Bode

1989

American J Phys Anthropol

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The existence of endemic goiter, caused by iodine deficiency and the presence of a dietary goitrogen, has been noted in eastern Zaire by a number of authors (De Visscher et al.: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 21:175-188, 1961; Delange et al.: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 34:1059, 1972). In the Ituri Forest of Huate-Zaire, two distinct populations, the Efe (pygmy) and Lese (Bantu), live in association with each other and have similar diets. The goiter survey reported here documents differences in goiter prevalence and severity between the nomadic pygmy and village-living Bantu populations. While the Efe have an overall goiter prevalence of 9.4%, the Lese have a goiter prevalence of 42.9%. Furthermore, Efe women living in Lese villages and subsisting on a Lese diet have a prevalence of goiter similar to that of forest-living Efe women. Village-living individuals born of Efe mothers and Lese fathers have a prevalence of goiter greater than that of pure Efe but less than that of Lese. While our data cannot exclude dietary explanations for the difference in goiter prevalence between the Efe and Lese, they do support the hypothesis that the Efe possess an adaptation to an iodine-deficient environment that does not result in the development of goiters.

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Endemic goitre in Greece: a study of 379 twin pairs.

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Apolipoprotein E is a genetic risk factor for fetal iodine deficiency disorder in China

Apolipoprotein E is a genetic risk factor for fetal iodine deficiency disorder in China

Cytologic Characterization of Postiodization Residual Goiter in Schoolchildren by Fine Needle Biopsy

Anomalously low endemic goiter prevalence among Efe pygmies

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